X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fnotation%2Fvocal.itely;h=e63729bb0fb3e1539d181c2512cc912e61f56fe2;hb=53db923e715126eb9463220526b4838fbfd3dad4;hp=05d76e698d1da5a8bf7dbc6c3f0984244875a03b;hpb=235de94b7408e9badc7b82c8e0dae8f05009adc3;p=lilypond.git

diff --git a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely
index 05d76e698d..e63729bb0f 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 @node Vocal music
 @section Vocal music
 
-@c TODO: inspirational headword
+@lilypondfile[quote]{vocal-headword.ly}
 
 This section explains how to typeset vocal music, and make sure
 that the lyrics will be aligned with the notes of their melody.
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ This section discusses issues common to most types of vocal music.
 * Manual syllable durations::
 * Multiple syllables to one note::
 * Multiple notes to one syllable::
-* Skipping notes::
 * Extenders and hyphens::
 @end menu
 
@@ -57,17 +56,23 @@ that may arise in any type of vocal music.
 @itemize
 
 @item
-Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics.  An introduction
-to this notation is to be found in @rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
+Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics.  An
+introduction to this notation is to be found in
+@rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
 
 @item
-Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode, either
-for lyrics of for other text elements (character's names, etc.).
-This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}.
+Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode,
+either for lyrics or for other text elements (characters' names,
+etc.)  This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}.
 
 @item
-@notation{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves, as explained
-in @ref{Ambitus}.
+@notation{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves,
+as explained in @ref{Ambitus}.
+
+@item
+Dynamic markings by default are placed below the staff, but in
+choral music they are usually placed above the staff in order to
+avoid the lyrics, as explained in @ref{Score layouts for choral}.
 
 @end itemize
 
@@ -75,6 +80,14 @@ in @ref{Ambitus}.
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{ambitus}.
 
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Text markup introduction},
+@ref{Ambitus},
+@ref{Score layouts for choral}.
+
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Vocal music}.
 
@@ -83,6 +96,8 @@ Snippets:
 
 @cindex lyrics, entering
 @cindex entering lyrics
+@cindex formatting in lyrics
+@cindex lyrics, formatting
 @cindex punctuation in lyrics
 @cindex lyrics punctuation
 @cindex spaces in lyrics
@@ -183,6 +198,16 @@ combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
 
 @c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
 
+Great control over the appearance of lyrics comes from using
+@code{\markup} inside the lyrics themselves. For explanation of many
+options, see @ref{Formatting text}.
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{formatting-lyrics-syllables.ly}
+
+
 @seealso
 Learning Manual:
 @rlearning{Songs}.
@@ -190,12 +215,16 @@ Learning Manual:
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Automatic syllable durations},
 @ref{Fonts},
+@ref{Formatting text},
 @ref{Input modes},
-@ref{Manual syllable durations}.
+@ref{Manual syllable durations},
+@ref{Text encoding}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{LyricText}.
 
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Text}
 
 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Aligning lyrics to a melody
@@ -308,6 +337,14 @@ specifying an associated voice, if one exists.  For details, see
 Learning Manual:
 @rlearning{Aligning lyrics to a melody}.
 
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Contexts explained},
+@ref{Automatic syllable durations}.
+@ref{Stanzas},
+@ref{Manual syllable durations},
+@ref{Dialogue over music},
+@ref{Manual syllable durations}.
+
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Lyrics}.
 
@@ -416,12 +453,14 @@ More stanzas can be added by adding more
 @code{\addlyrics} sections:
 
 
-@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
-\addlyrics { play the game }
-\addlyrics { speel het spel }
-\addlyrics { joue le jeu }
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
+{
+  \time 3/4
+  \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
+  \addlyrics { play the game }
+  \addlyrics { speel het spel }
+  \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
+}
 @end lilypond
 
 The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphonic settings.
@@ -471,7 +510,8 @@ Here is an example demonstrating its use:
 @seealso
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Extenders and hyphens},
-@ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
+@ref{Keeping contexts alive},
+@ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
 
 @node Manual syllable durations
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
@@ -571,15 +611,20 @@ spaces between the syllables, you can surround the phrase with
 quotes or use a @code{_} character.  Alternatively, you can use
 code the tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.  The lyric
 tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
-sure to have a font (like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
-glyph.
+sure to use a font for this glyph which actually contains it.
+Freely available fonts with a lyric tie are, for example,
+`FreeSerif' (a Times clone), `DejaVuSans' (but not
+`DejaVuSerif'), or `TeXGyreSchola' (a Century Schoolbook
+clone).
 
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
-\addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
-\addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
-\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+{
+  \time 3/4
+  \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
+  \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
+  \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
+  \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
+}
 @end lilypond
 
 
@@ -629,7 +674,7 @@ together:
     e8
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
-    Ki -- ri -- e __
+    Ky -- ri -- e __
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -647,7 +692,7 @@ entering lyrics:
     e8 ( d e2 )
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
-    Ki -- ri -- e __
+    Ky -- ri -- e __
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -666,7 +711,7 @@ providing automatic beaming is switched off.  See
     e2.
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
-    Ki -- ri -- e
+    Ky -- ri -- e
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -689,7 +734,7 @@ are bracketed between @code{\melisma} and @code{\melismaEnd}.
     e2.
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
-    Ki -- ri -- e
+    Ky -- ri -- e
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -710,7 +755,7 @@ to be added to the melisma.
     e8 d e2
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
-    Ki -- ri -- _ _ _ e __ _ _
+    Ky -- ri -- _ _ _ e __ _ _
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
@@ -719,8 +764,7 @@ to be added to the melisma.
 
 It is possible to have ties, slurs and manual beams in the melody
 without their indicating melismata.  To do this, set
-@code{melismaBusyProperties} and indicate the melismata with single
-underscores in the lyrics, one underscore for each extra note:
+@code{melismaBusyProperties}:
 
 @lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote]
 <<
@@ -728,19 +772,42 @@ underscores in the lyrics, one underscore for each extra note:
     \time 3/4
     \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
     c4 d ( e )
-    g8 [ f ] f4( e)
-    d e ~ e
+    g8 [ f ] f4 ~ f
   }
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
-    Ky -- _ _ _ _ ri -- _ _ e __ _
+    Ky -- ri -- e e -- le -- i -- son
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
 Other settings for @code{melismaBusyProperties} can be used to
-include or exclude ties, slurs, and beams from the automatic
-detection of melismata; see @code{melismaBusyProperties} in
-@rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
+selectively include or exclude ties, slurs, and beams from the
+automatic detection of melismata; see @code{melismaBusyProperties}
+in @rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
+
+Alternatively, if all melismata indications are to be ignored,
+@code{ignoreMelismata} may be set true;
+see @ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}.
+
+If a melisma is required during a passage in which
+@code{melismaBusyProperties} is active, it may be indicated by
+placing a single underscore in the lyrics for each note which
+should be included in the melisma:
+
+@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote]
+<<
+  \new Voice = "melody" {
+    \time 3/4
+    \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
+    c4 d ( e )
+    g8 [ f ] ~ f4 ~ f
+  }
+  \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
+    Ky -- ri -- _ e __ _ _ _
+  }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
 
 @predefined
 
@@ -759,7 +826,8 @@ Learning Manual:
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Aligning lyrics to a melody},
 @ref{Automatic syllable durations},
-@ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}.
+@ref{Setting automatic beam behavior},
+@ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
@@ -769,25 +837,6 @@ Internals Reference:
 Extender lines under melismata are not created automatically; they
 must be inserted manually with a double underscore.
 
-@node Skipping notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Skipping notes
-
-Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
-inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics.  For every @code{\skip},
-the text will be delayed by another note.  The @code{\skip} command
-must be followed by a valid duration, but this is ignored when
-@code{\skip} is used in lyrics which derive their durations from the
-notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
-@code{\lyricsto}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c' { c c g' }
-\addlyrics {
-  twin -- \skip 4
-  kle
-}
-@end lilypond
-
 
 @node Extenders and hyphens
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens
@@ -959,8 +1008,9 @@ context:
 @end lilypond
 
 Lyrics may be positioned above the staff using one of
-two methods.  The simplest is to use the same syntax as
-above and explicitly specify the position of the lyrics:
+two methods.  The simplest (and preferred) method
+is to use the same syntax as above and explicitly
+specify the position of the lyrics:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score {
@@ -988,7 +1038,10 @@ follows:
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \score {
   <<
-    \new Lyrics = "lyrics"
+    \new Lyrics = "lyrics" \with {
+      % lyrics above a staff should have this override
+      \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
+    }
     \new Staff {
       \new Voice = "melody" {
         \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
@@ -1016,7 +1069,10 @@ is an example of the second method:
       }
     }
     \new Lyrics = "sopranos"
-    \new Lyrics = "contraltos"
+    \new Lyrics = "contraltos" \with {
+      % lyrics above a staff should have this override
+      \override VerticalAxisGroup #'staff-affinity = #DOWN
+    }
     \new Staff {
       \new Voice = "contraltos" {
         \relative c'' { a4 a a a }
@@ -1040,6 +1096,10 @@ Other combinations of lyrics and staves may be generated by
 elaborating these examples, or by examining the
 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles} templates in the Learning Manual.
 
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{lyrics-old-spacing-settings.ly}
+
 @seealso
 Learning Manual:
 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
@@ -1054,10 +1114,10 @@ Notation Reference:
 @cindex Spacing lyrics
 @cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
 
-To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the @code{minimum-distance}
-property of @code{LyricSpace}.
+To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the
+@code{minimum-distance} property of @code{LyricSpace}.
 
-@lilypond[relative,verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
 {
   c c c c
   \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
@@ -1098,12 +1158,12 @@ To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
 
 @c TODO: move to LSR -vv
 
-Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
-a relatively large computational task.  To speed up processing, LilyPond does
-not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
+Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins
+required additional calculations.  To speed up processing slighty, this
+feature can be disabled:
 
 @example
-\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
+\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##f
 @end example
 
 To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
@@ -1219,24 +1279,9 @@ simply enter all the words:
 }
 @end lilypond
 
-@cindex lyric skip
-@funindex \skip
-
 When the words to a repeated volta section are different, the words
-to each repeat must be entered in separate @code{Lyrics} contexts.
-Earlier unrepeated sections must be skipped in the second and
-subsequent repeats.  The easiest way to skip several notes is to
-use @code{\repeat unfold} around the @code{\skip} command.
-
-Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes in this
-particular case.  As this syntax indicates a melisma, it will cause
-the preceding syllable to be left-aligned.
-
-@warning{The @code{@bs{}skip} command must be followed by a number,
-but this number is ignored in lyrics which derive their durations
-from the notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
-@code{\lyricsto}.  Each @code{@bs{}skip} skips a single note of any
-value, irrespective of the value of the following number.}
+to each repeat must be entered in separate @code{Lyrics} contexts,
+correctly nested in parallel sections:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 \score {
@@ -1249,69 +1294,55 @@ value, irrespective of the value of the following number.}
         }
       }
     }
-    \new Lyrics {
-      \lyricsto "melody" {
-        Not re -- peat -- ed.
-        The first time words.
-      }
-    }
-    \new Lyrics {
-      \lyricsto "melody" {
-        % skip 4 notes of any duration
-        \repeat unfold 4 { \skip 1 }
-        Sec -- ond time words.
-      }
+    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
+      Not re -- peat -- ed.
+      <<
+	{ The first time words. }
+	\new Lyrics {
+	  \set associatedVoice = "melody"
+	  Sec -- ond time words.
+	}
+      >>
     }
   >>
 }
 @end lilypond
 
-@cindex lyrics, repeating with a temporary voice
-
-An alternative way, which avoids skips and having to count notes,
-is to use a temporary voice for the repeated section.  This may be
-preferable if the earlier sections are still subject to change.  A
-temporary voice can be inserted anywhere in the main music stream
-in parallel with it, as shown below, but it may be necessary to
-keep the main voice alive in complex scores when using this
-technique; see @ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
+More verses may be added in a similar way:
 
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 \score {
   <<
     \new Staff {
       \new Voice = "singleVoice" {
-        \relative c'' { a4 a a a }
-        \new Voice = "repeatVoice" {
-          \relative c'' \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
-        }
-        \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
-      }
-    }
-    \new Lyrics <<
-      \lyricsto "singleVoice" {
-        Not re -- peat -- ed.
-        The end sec -- tion.
-      }
-      \lyricsto "repeatVoice" {
-        The first time words.
-      }
-    >>
-    \new Lyrics {
-      \lyricsto "repeatVoice" {
-        Sec -- ond time words.
+        \relative c'' {
+	  a4 a a a
+	  \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
+          c4 c c c
+	}
       }
     }
-    \new Lyrics {
-      \lyricsto "repeatVoice" {
-        The third time words.
-      }
+    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singleVoice" {
+      Not re -- peat -- ed.
+      <<
+        { The first time words.	}
+	\new Lyrics {
+	  \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice"
+	  Sec -- ond time words.
+	}
+	\new Lyrics {
+	  \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice"
+	  The third time words.
+	}
+      >>
+      The end sec -- tion.
     }
   >>
 }
 @end lilypond
 
-@c TODO lowering a common line of lyrics
+
+@c TODO positioning a common line of lyrics
 
 @subheading Repeats with alternative endings
 
@@ -1346,10 +1377,24 @@ same structure can be used for both the lyrics and music.
 }
 @end lilypond
 
+@funindex \skip
+@cindex skipping notes in lyrics
+@cindex lyrics, skipping notes
+
 But when the repeated section has different words, a repeat
 construct cannot be used around the words and @code{\skip} commands
-have to be inserted manually as described in the previous section to
-skip over the notes in the alternative sections which do not apply.
+have to be inserted manually to skip over the notes in the
+alternative sections which do not apply.
+
+Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes -- an
+underscore indicates a melisma, causing the preceding syllable
+to be left-aligned.
+
+@warning{The @code{@bs{}skip} command must be followed by a number,
+but this number is ignored in lyrics which derive their durations
+from the notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
+@code{\lyricsto}.  Each @code{@bs{}skip} skips a single note of any
+value, irrespective of the value of the following number.}
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
 \score {
@@ -1498,6 +1543,10 @@ alternative sections these must be inserted manually.
 }
 @end lilypond
 
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Keeping contexts alive},
+@ref{Repeats}.
 
 
 @node Divisi lyrics
@@ -1589,7 +1638,7 @@ attaching lyrics to those specific contexts:
 
 Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
 
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2]
 \new Voice {
   \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
 } \addlyrics {
@@ -1642,9 +1691,9 @@ stanzaOneThree =  {
 
 Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
 dynamics mark before each stanza.  In LilyPond, everything coming in
-front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
-are no different.  For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
-outside @code{\lyricmode}:
+front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics
+marks are no different.  For technical reasons, you have to set the
+stanza outside @code{\lyricmode}:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 text = {
@@ -1671,9 +1720,10 @@ text = {
 
 Names of singers can also be added.  They are printed at the start of
 the line, just like instrument names.  They are created by setting
-@code{vocalName}.  A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
+@code{vocalName}.  A short version may be entered as
+@code{shortVocalName}.
 
-@lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
 \new Voice {
   \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
 } \addlyrics {
@@ -1729,28 +1779,34 @@ are to be ignored.
 
 @subsubheading Adding syllables to grace notes
 
+@cindex grace notes and lyrics
+@cindex lyrics on grace notes
+
 By default, grace notes (e.g. via @code{\grace}) do not get assigned
 syllables when using @code{\lyricsto}, but this behavior can be
 changed:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c' {
-  f4 \appoggiatura a32 b4
-  \grace { f16[ a16] } b2
-  \afterGrace b2 { f16[ a16] }
-  \appoggiatura a32 b4
-  \acciaccatura a8 b4
-}
-\addlyrics {
-  normal
-  \set includeGraceNotes = ##t
-  case,
-  gra -- ce case,
-  after -- grace case,
-  \set ignoreMelismata = ##t
-  app. case,
-  acc. case.
-}
+<<
+  \new Voice = melody \relative c' {
+    f4 \appoggiatura a32 b4
+    \grace { f16[ a16] } b2
+    \afterGrace b2 { f16[ a16] }
+    \appoggiatura a32 b4
+    \acciaccatura a8 b4
+  }
+  \new Lyrics
+  \lyricsto melody {
+    normal
+    \set includeGraceNotes = ##t
+    case,
+    gra -- ce case,
+    after -- grace case,
+    \set ignoreMelismata = ##t
+    app. case,
+    acc. case.
+  }
+>>
 @end lilypond
 
 @knownissues
@@ -1819,10 +1875,11 @@ within the lyrics by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property:
 @end lilypond
 
 @noindent
-The text for the first stanza is set to the melody called @q{lahlah}
-in the usual way, but the second stanza is set initally to the
-@code{lahlah} context and is then switched to the @code{alternative}
-melody for the syllables @q{ran} to @q{sau} by the lines:
+The text for the first stanza is set to the melody called
+@q{lahlah} in the usual way, but the second stanza is set initally
+to the @code{lahlah} context and is then switched to the
+@code{alternative} melody for the syllables @q{ran} to @q{sau} by
+the lines:
 
 @example
 \set associatedVoice = "alternative" % applies to "ran"
@@ -1910,10 +1967,11 @@ text = \lyricmode {
   It has two lines.
 }
 
-\score{ <<
+\score {
+  <<
     \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
     \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
-   >>
+  >>
   \layout { }
 }
 
@@ -2011,8 +2069,7 @@ For entering stanzas, see @ref{Stanzas}.
 
 @item
 Songs are frequently printed with the chording indicated by chord
-names above the staves.  This is described in
-@ref{Displaying chords}.
+names above the staves.  This is described in @ref{Displaying chords}.
 
 @item
 To print fret diagrams of the chords for guitar accompaniment or
@@ -2039,8 +2096,8 @@ Snippets:
 @node Lead sheets
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Lead sheets
 
-Lead sheets may be printed by combining vocal parts and @q{chord mode};
-this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
+Lead sheets may be printed by combining vocal parts and
+@q{chord mode}; this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
 
 @snippets
 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
@@ -2102,7 +2159,7 @@ For information about @code{ChoirStaff} and @code{PianoStaff} see
 @ref{Grouping staves}.
 
 @item
-Shape noteheads, as used in Sacred Harp and similar notation, are
+Shape note heads, as used in Sacred Harp and similar notation, are
 described in @ref{Shape note heads}.
 
 @item
@@ -2169,7 +2226,7 @@ the two systems.  See @ref{Separating systems}.
 
 @item
 For details of other page formatting properties, see
-@ref{Page formatting}.
+@ref{Page layout}.
 
 @end itemize
 
@@ -2215,7 +2272,7 @@ Notation Reference:
 @ref{Changing spacing},
 @ref{Displaying spacing},
 @ref{Fitting music onto fewer pages},
-@ref{Page formatting},
+@ref{Page layout},
 @ref{Score layout},
 @ref{Separating systems},
 @ref{Setting the staff size},
@@ -2318,7 +2375,7 @@ See @ref{Separating systems}.
 
 @item
 For details of other page formatting properties, see
-@ref{Page formatting}.
+@ref{Page layout}.
 
 @item
 Dialogue cues and stage directions can be inserted with markup.
@@ -2339,7 +2396,7 @@ Notation Reference:
 @ref{Hiding staves},
 @ref{Instrument transpositions},
 @ref{Nested staff groups},
-@ref{Page formatting},
+@ref{Page layout},
 @ref{Separating systems},
 @ref{Transpose},
 @ref{Writing parts},
@@ -2582,8 +2639,8 @@ declaring separate @code{CueVoice} contexts and using
 
 @cindex parlato
 @cindex Sprechgesang
-Such effects as @q{parlato} or @q{Sprechgesang} require performers to speak
-without pitch but still with rhythm; these are notated by cross
+Such effects as @q{parlato} or @q{Sprechgesang} require performers to
+speak without pitch but still with rhythm; these are notated by cross
 note heads, as demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
 
 @c TODO add "marking-notes-on-spoken-parts" snippet -vv
@@ -2625,7 +2682,7 @@ to manually insert @code{\break}s and adjust the placing of the
 dialogue to avoid running into the right margin.  The final word of
 the last measure on a line should also be separated out, as above.
 
-Here is an example illustating how this might be done.
+Here is an example illustrating how this might be done.
 
 @c This should be a snippet, but it can't be as it needs to be
 @c manually adjusted to suit the imposed line length.  -td
@@ -2782,7 +2839,7 @@ Bar lines can also be removed on a staff-by-staff basis:
 
 To remove bar lines from just a section of music treat it as a
 cadenza.  If the section is long you may need to insert dummy
-barlines with @code{\bar ""} to show where the line should break.
+bar lines with @code{\bar ""} to show where the line should break.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 a4 b c2 |
@@ -3169,7 +3226,8 @@ commands at the end of each line.
 @node Ancient vocal music
 @subsection Ancient vocal music
 
-Ancient vocal music is supported, as explained in @ref{Ancient notation}.
+Ancient vocal music is supported, as explained in
+@ref{Ancient notation}.
 
 @c TODO