X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fnotation%2Frepeats.itely;h=fb7cdf663b406f78dfa5b3674eb5849b94208e08;hb=26a079ca2393d053315ef8dbef626c897dc9645a;hp=9ffea946cb701b0a2a59fc68ab16b5207b2b92bb;hpb=d627f5aa2707c875d63d95685951402a49cbfa80;p=lilypond.git

diff --git a/Documentation/notation/repeats.itely b/Documentation/notation/repeats.itely
index 9ffea946cb..fb7cdf663b 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/repeats.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/repeats.itely
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
     Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
 
     When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
-    version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
+    version that you are working on.  For details, see the Contributors'
+    Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
 @end ignore
 
-@c \version "2.12.0"
+@c \version "2.16.0"
 
 @node Repeats
 @section Repeats
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ notation for repeats with alternatives.
 
 @item unfold
 The repeated music is fully written out, as many times as
-specified by @var{repeatcount}.  This is useful when
+specified by @code{@var{repeatcount}}.  This is useful when
 entering repetitious music.
 
 @item percent
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ This is used to write tremolo beams.
 
 This section discusses how to input long (usually multi-measure)
 repeats.  The repeats can take two forms: repeats enclosed between
-repeat signs; or written out repeats, used to input repetitious music.
+repeat signs; or written-out repeats, used to input repetitious music.
 Repeat signs can also be controlled manually.
 
 @menu
@@ -83,13 +84,9 @@ The syntax for a normal repeat is
 @end example
 
 @noindent
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.  Alternate endings can be
-produced using @code{\alternative}.  In order to delimit the alternate
-endings, the group of alternatives must be enclosed in a set of
-braces.  If there are more repeats than there are alternate endings,
-the earliest repeats are given the first alternative.
+where @code{@var{musicexpr}} is a music expression.
 
-Normal repeats without alternate endings:
+A single repeat without an alternate ending:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
@@ -97,20 +94,65 @@ c2 d
 \repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
 @end lilypond
 
-Normal repeats with alternate endings:
+Alternative endings can be produced using @code{\alternative}.  Each
+group of alternatives must be themselves, enclosed in a set of braces.
+
+@example
+\repeat volta @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
+\alternative @{
+  @{ @var{musicexpr} @}
+@}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+where @code{@var{musicexpr}} is a music expression.
+
+If there are more repeats than there are alternate endings, the earliest
+repeats are given the first alternative.
+
+A single repeat with one alternate ending:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f | }
+\alternative {
+  { c2 e | }
+  { f2 g | }
+}
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+A single repeat with more than one alternate ending:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 4 { c4 d e f }
+\repeat volta 4 { c4 d e f | }
 \alternative {
-  { d2 e }
-  { f2 g }
+  { c2 e | }
+  { f2 g | }
 }
 c1
 @end lilypond
 
-@warning{Do not include @code{@bs{}relative} inside a
-@code{@bs{}repeat}.  It will cause unwanted staves to appear.
-See @rlearning{An extra staff appears}.}
+Multiple repeats with more than one alternate ending:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat volta 3 { c4 d e f | }
+\alternative {
+  { c2 e | }
+  { f2 g | }
+  { a2 g | }
+}
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+@warning{If there are two or more alternatives, nothing should appear
+between the closing brace of one and the opening brace of the next
+in an @code{@bs{}alternative} block, otherwise you will not get the
+expected number of endings.}
+
+@warning{If you include @code{@bs{}relative} inside a
+@code{@bs{}repeat} without explicitly instantiating the
+@code{Voice} context, extra (unwanted) staves will appear.  See
+@rprogram{An extra staff appears}.}
 
 @cindex repeat with upbeat
 @cindex upbeat in a repeat
@@ -120,42 +162,112 @@ See @rlearning{An extra staff appears}.}
 @cindex pickup in a repeat
 @funindex \partial
 
-Repeats with upbeats can be entered in two ways:
+If a repeat starts in the middle of a measure and has no alternate
+endings, normally the end of the repeat will also fall in the
+middle of a measure, so that the two ends add up to one complete
+measure.  In such cases, the repeat signs do not constitute true
+bar lines.  Do not use @code{\partial} commands or bar checks
+where these repeat signs are printed:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+% no \partial here
+c4 e g  % no bar check here
+% no \partial here
+\repeat volta 4 {
+  e4 |
+  c2 e |
+  % no \partial here
+  g4 g g  % no bar check here
+}
+% no \partial here
+g4 |
+a2 a |
+g1 |
+@end lilypond
 
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\partial 4
-e |
-\repeat volta 4 { c2 d | e2 f | }
-\alternative {
-  { g4 g g e }
-  { a4 a a a | b2. }
+Similarly, if a repeat begins with the initial partial measure of
+a score and has no alternate endings, the same conditions apply as
+in the above example, except that in this case the @code{\partial}
+command is required at the beginning of the score:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\partial 4  % required
+\repeat volta 4 {
+  e4 |
+  c2 e |
+  % no \partial here
+  g4 g g  % no bar check here
 }
+% no \partial here
+g4 |
+a2 a |
+g1 |
 @end lilypond
 
-@noindent
-or
+When alternate endings are added to a repeat that begins with an
+incomplete measure, it becomes necessary to set the
+@code{Timing.measureLength} context property manually, in the
+following specific places:
 
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@itemize
+@item
+at the start of any incomplete measures in the @code{\alternative}
+block, which normally occur at the end of each alternative, except
+(in most cases) the last.
+
+@item
+at the start of each alternative, except the first.
+@end itemize
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
 \partial 4
-\repeat volta 4 { e4 | c2 d | e2 f | }
+\repeat volta 2 { e4 | c2 e | }
 \alternative {
-  { \partial 4*3 g4 g g }
-  { a4 a a a | b2. }
+  {
+    f2 d |
+    \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 3 4)
+    g4 g g  % optional bar check is allowed here
+  }
+  {
+    \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 4 4)
+    a2 a |
+  }
 }
+g1 |
 @end lilypond
 
+The @code{measureLength} property is described in @ref{Time
+administration}.
 
-@cindex repeats with ties
-@cindex alternative endings with ties
-@cindex ties in repeats
-@cindex ties in alternative endings
+@funindex \inStaffSegno
+
+The @code{\inStaffSegno} command can be used to place the segno
+symbol in cooperation with the @code{\repeat volta} command.
+Alternative bar line symbols can be set in a Score context by
+overriding the properties @code{segnoType},
+@code{startRepeatSegnoType}, @code{endRepeatSegnoType} or
+@code{doubleRepeatSegnoType} as required.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+e1
+\repeat volta 2 {
+  \inStaffSegno
+  f2 g a b
+}
+c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
+@end lilypond
+
+@cindex repeats, with ties
+@cindex alternative endings, with ties
+@cindex ties, in repeats
+@cindex ties, alternative endings
 @funindex \repeatTie
 
 Ties may be added to a second ending:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 c1
-\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f ~ }
+\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f~ }
 \alternative {
   { f2 d }
   { f2\repeatTie f, }
@@ -163,28 +275,41 @@ c1
 @end lilypond
 
 @snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {shortening-volta-brackets.ly}
 
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {adding-volta-brackets-to-additional-staves.ly}
 
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{setting-the-double-repeat-default-for-volte.ly}
+
+@cindex repeats, bar numbers letters
+@cindex repeats, alternative bar numbers
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{alternative-bar-numbering.ly}
 
 @seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{repeat}, @rglos{volta}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{repeat},
+@rglos{volta}.
 
-Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}, @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Bar lines},
+@ref{Modifying context plug-ins},
+@ref{Time administration}.
 
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Repeats}.
 
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{VoltaBracket},
-@rinternals{RepeatedMusic}, @rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{VoltaBracket},
+@rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
+@rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
 @rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
 
-
 @knownissues
-
 @cindex repeat, ambiguous
 @cindex nested repeat
 @cindex repeat, nested
@@ -195,6 +320,16 @@ Internals Reference: @rinternals{VoltaBracket},
 @cindex repeat and slur
 @cindex slur and repeat
 
+Slurs that span from a @code{\repeat} block into an
+@code{\alternative} block will only work for the first alternate
+ending.  Also, slurs cannot wrap around from the end of one
+alternative back to the beginning of the repeat.
+
+If a repeat that begins with an incomplete measure has an
+@code{\alternative} block that contains modifications to the
+@code{measureLength} property, using @code{\unfoldRepeats} will
+result in wrongly-placed bar lines and bar check warnings.
+
 A nested repeat like
 
 @example
@@ -204,17 +339,11 @@ A nested repeat like
 @end example
 
 @noindent
-is ambiguous, since it is is not clear to which @code{\repeat} the
+is ambiguous, since it is not clear to which @code{\repeat} the
 @code{\alternative} belongs.  This ambiguity is resolved by always
 having the @code{\alternative} belong to the inner @code{\repeat}.
 For clarity, it is advisable to use braces in such situations.
 
-Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
-so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand; for
-example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
-@code{\partial}.  Similarly, slurs are also not repeated.
-
-
 
 @node Manual repeat marks
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Manual repeat marks
@@ -234,7 +363,7 @@ example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
 
 @warning{These methods are only used for displaying unusual repeat
 constructs, and may produce unexpected behavior.  In most cases,
-repeats should be created using the standard @code{\\repeat} command
+repeats should be created using the standard @code{@bs{}repeat} command
 or by printing the relevant bar lines.  For more information, see
 @ref{Bar lines}.}
 
@@ -303,7 +432,8 @@ then include the markup in a Scheme list.
 voltaAdLib = \markup { 1. 2. 3... \text \italic { ad lib. } }
 \relative c'' {
   c1
-  \set Score.repeatCommands = #(list(list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
+  \set Score.repeatCommands =
+    #(list(list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
   c4 b d e
   \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "4.") end-repeat)
   f1
@@ -314,10 +444,9 @@ voltaAdLib = \markup { 1. 2. 3... \text \italic { ad lib. } }
 
 @snippets
 
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {printing-a-repeat-sign-at-the-beginning-of-a-piece.ly}
 
-
 @seealso
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Bar lines},
@@ -336,52 +465,115 @@ Internals Reference:
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Written-out repeats
 
 @cindex written-out repeats
-@cindex repetitious music
 @cindex repeats, written-out
-@cindex repeat, unfold
-@cindex unfold music
+@cindex repeats, unfold
+@cindex repeats, alternative
 @cindex unfold repeat
-@cindex unfold repeat with alternate endings
-@cindex unfold music with alternate endings
-@cindex alternate ending in written-out repeats
+@cindex unfold repeat, alternate endings
+@cindex alternate repeats
+@cindex alternate endings, repeats
 @funindex unfold
 
-By using the @code{unfold} command, repeats can be used to simplify
-the writing out of repetitious music.  The syntax is
+By using the @code{unfold} command, repeats can be used to simplify the
+writing out of repetitious music.  The syntax is
 
 @example
 \repeat unfold @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
 @end example
 
 @noindent
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression and @var{repeatcount} is
-the number of times @var{musicexpr} is repeated.
+where @code{@var{musicexpr}} is a music expression and
+@code{@var{repeatcount}} is the number of times
+@code{@var{musicexpr}} is repeated.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
 c1
+@end lilypond
+
+In some cases, especially in a @code{\relative} context, the
+@code{\repeat unfold} function is not the same as writing out the
+music expression multiple times. E.g,
+
+@example
+\repeat unfold 2 @{ a'4 b c @}
+@end example
+
+is not equivalent to
+
+@example
+a'4 b c | a'4 b c
+@end example
+
+Unfold repeats can be made with alternate endings.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
+\alternative {
+  { c2 g' }
+  { c,2 b }
+}
+c1
+@end lilypond
+
+If there are more repeats than there are alternate endings, the first
+alternative is applied multiple times until the remaining alternatives
+make up the total number of repeats.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat unfold 4 { c4 d e f }
+\alternative {
+  { c2 g' }
+  { c,2 b }
+  { e2 d }
+ }
 c1
 @end lilypond
 
-Unfold repeats can be made with alternate endings.  If there are
-more repeats than there are alternate endings, the first
-alternative ending is applied to the earliest endings.
+If there are more alternate endings than repeats then only the first
+alternatives are applied.  The remaining alternatives will be ignored
+and not printed.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
+\alternative {
+  { c2 g' }
+  { c,2 b }
+  { e2 d }
+}
 c1
-\repeat unfold 2 { g4 f e d }
+@end lilypond
+
+It is also possible to nest multiple @code{unfold} functions (with or
+without alternate endings).
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat unfold 2 {
+  \repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
   \alternative {
-    { cis2 g' }
-    { cis,2 b }
+    { c2 g' }
+    { c,2 b }
   }
+}
 c1
 @end lilypond
 
+Chord constructs can be repeated by the chord repetition symbol
+@code{q}.  See @ref{Chord repetition}.
+
+@warning{If you include @code{@bs{}relative} inside a @code{@bs{}repeat}
+without explicitly instantiating the @code{Voice} context, extra
+(unwanted) staves will appear.  See @rprogram{An extra staff appears}.}
 
 @seealso
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Chord repetition}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Repeats}.
 
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
 @rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
 
 
@@ -389,8 +581,8 @@ Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
 @subsection Short repeats
 
 This section discusses how to input short repeats.  Short repeats can
-take two basic forms: repeats of a single note to two measures,
-represented by slashes or percent signs; and tremolos.
+take two forms: slashes or percent signs to represent repeats of a
+single note, a single measure or two measures, and tremolos otherwise.
 
 @menu
 * Percent repeats::
@@ -408,57 +600,82 @@ represented by slashes or percent signs; and tremolos.
 @funindex \repeat percent
 @funindex percent
 
-Repeated short patterns of notes are supported.  The music is printed
-once, and the pattern is replaced with a special sign.  Patterns that
-are shorter than one measure are replaced by slashes, and patterns of
-one or two measures are replaced by percent-like signs.  The syntax is
+Repeated short patterns are printed once, and the repeated pattern
+is replaced with a special sign.
+
+The syntax is
 
 @example
-@code{\repeat percent @var{number} @var{musicexpr}}
+\repeat percent @var{number} @var{musicexpr}
 @end example
 
 @noindent
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.
+where @code{@var{musicexpr}} is a music expression.
+
+Patterns that are shorter than one measure are replaced by slashes.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat percent 4 { c128 d e f }
+\repeat percent 4 { c64 d e f }
+\repeat percent 5 { c32 d e f }
+\repeat percent 4 { c16 d e f }
+\repeat percent 4 { c8 d }
 \repeat percent 4 { c4 }
-\repeat percent 2 { b4 a g f }
-\repeat percent 2 { c2 es | f4 fis g c | }
+\repeat percent 2 { c2 }
+@end lilypond
+
+Patterns of one or two measures are replaced by percent-like symbols.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat percent 2 { c4 d e f }
+\repeat percent 2 { c2 d }
+\repeat percent 2 { c1 }
+@end lilypond
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat percent 3 { c4 d e f | c2 g' }
+@end lilypond
+
+Patterns that are shorter than one measure but contain mixed durations
+use a double-percent symbol.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat percent 4 { c8. <d f>16 }
+\repeat percent 2 { \times 2/3 { r8 c d } e4 }
 @end lilypond
 
 @snippets
 
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {percent-repeat-counter.ly}
 
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {percent-repeat-count-visibility.ly}
 
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {isolated-percent-repeats.ly}
 
-
 @seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{percent repeat}, @rglos{simile}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{percent repeat},
+@rglos{simile}.
 
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Repeats}.
 
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatSlash},
-@rinternals{PercentRepeat}, @rinternals{DoublePercentRepeat},
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{RepeatSlash},
+@rinternals{RepeatSlashEvent},
+@rinternals{DoubleRepeatSlash},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeat},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter},
+@rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic},
+@rinternals{Percent_repeat_engraver},
+@rinternals{DoublePercentEvent},
+@rinternals{DoublePercentRepeat},
 @rinternals{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
-@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter}, @rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
-
-
-@knownissues
-
-Only three kinds of percent repeats are supported: a single slash
-representing a single beat (regardless of the duration of the repeated
-notes); a single slash with dots representing one full measure; and
-two slashes with dots crossing a bar line representing two full
-measures.  Neither multiple slashes representing single beat repeats
-consisting of sixteenth or shorter notes, nor two slashes with dots
-representing single beat repeats consisting of notes of varying
-durations, are supported.
+@rinternals{Double_percent_repeat_engraver},
+@rinternals{Slash_repeat_engraver}.
 
 
 @node Tremolo repeats
@@ -471,7 +688,7 @@ durations, are supported.
 @funindex tremolo
 
 Tremolos can take two forms: alternation between two chords or two
-notes, and rapid repetition of a single note or chord. Tremolos
+notes, and rapid repetition of a single note or chord.  Tremolos
 consisting of an alternation are indicated by adding beams between the
 notes or chords being alternated, while tremolos consisting of the
 rapid repetition of a single note are indicated by adding beams or
@@ -509,12 +726,11 @@ the note should not be surrounded by braces:
 @funindex tremoloFlags
 @funindex :
 
-The same output can be obtained by adding
-@q{@code{:}[@var{number}]} after the note.  The number indicates
-the duration of the subdivision, and it must be at least 8.  A
-@var{number} value of 8 gives one line across the note stem.  If
-the length is omitted, the last value (stored in
-@code{tremoloFlags}) is used:
+The same output can be obtained by adding @code{:@var{N}} after
+the note, where @code{@var{N}} indicates the duration of the
+subdivision (it must be at least 8).  If @code{@var{N}} is 8, one
+beam is added to the note's stem.  If @code{@var{N}} is omitted,
+the last value (stored in @code{tremoloFlags}) is used:
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
 c2:8 c:32
@@ -523,17 +739,12 @@ c: c:
 
 @snippets
 
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {cross-staff-tremolos.ly}
 
-
 @seealso
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Repeats}.
 
 @cindex tremolo, cross-staff
 @cindex cross-staff tremolo
-
-@knownissues
-
-Cross-staff tremolos do not work well.
-