X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fnotation%2Fpitches.itely;h=a327ec19d7d9269f98387513c419b694fecec091;hb=494eeee84250c19b433cbbc49f415878d9f01172;hp=c9e99f5eb712cf4e0af4255fe14be40a73b45eea;hpb=2784264fda1124e0db8fb9b1385905e48e2650b9;p=lilypond.git

diff --git a/Documentation/notation/pitches.itely b/Documentation/notation/pitches.itely
index c9e99f5eb7..a327ec19d7 100644
--- a/Documentation/notation/pitches.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/pitches.itely
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
 @end ignore
 
-@c \version "2.16.0"
+@c \version "2.19.22"
 
 
 @node Pitches
@@ -79,14 +79,39 @@ octave.
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 {
   \clef treble
-  c'4 c'' e' g
-  d''4 d' d c
+  c'4 e' g' c''
+  c'4 g b c'
   \clef bass
-  c,4 c,, e, g
-  d,,4 d, d c
+  c,4 e, g, c
+  c,4 g,, b,, c,
 }
 @end lilypond
 
+@funindex fixed
+@funindex \fixed
+Common octave marks can be entered just once on a reference pitch
+after @code{\fixed} placed before the music.  Pitches inside
+@code{\fixed} only need @code{'} or@tie{}@code{,} marks
+when they are above or below the octave of the reference pitch.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+{
+  \fixed c' {
+    \clef treble
+    c4 e g c'
+    c4 g, b, c
+  }
+  \clef bass
+  \fixed c, {
+    c4 e g c'
+    c4 g, b, c
+  }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Pitches in the music expression following @code{\fixed} are
+unaffected by any enclosing @code{\relative}, discussed next.
+
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{Pitch names}.
@@ -107,13 +132,13 @@ Snippets:
 @funindex relative
 @funindex \relative
 
-When octaves are specified in absolute mode it is easy to
-accidentally put a pitch in the wrong octave.  Relative octave
-mode reduces these errors since most of the time it is not
-necessary to indicate any octaves at all.  Furthermore, in
-absolute mode a single mistake may be difficult to spot, while in
-relative mode a single error puts the rest of the piece off by one
-octave.
+Absolute octave entry requires specifying the octave for every
+single note.  Relative octave entry, in contrast, specifies each
+octave in relation to the last note: changing one note's octave
+will affect all of the following notes.
+
+Relative note mode has to be entered explicitly using the
+@code{\relative} command:
 
 @example
 \relative @var{startpitch} @var{musicexpr}
@@ -143,14 +168,33 @@ octaves.
 @item
 The pitch of the first note is relative to
 @code{@var{startpitch}}.  @code{@var{startpitch}} is specified in
-absolute octave mode, and it is recommended that it be a octave of
-@code{c}.
+absolute octave mode.  Which choices are meaningful?
+
+@table @asis
+@item an octave of @code{c}
+Identifying middle C with @code{c'} is quite basic, so finding
+octaves of @code{c} tends to be straightforward.  If your music
+starts with @code{gis} above @code{c'''}, you'd write something
+like @code{\relative c''' @{ gis' @dots{} @}}
+
+@item an octave of the first note inside
+Writing @code{\relative gis''' @{ gis @dots{} @}} makes it easy to
+determine the absolute pitch of the first note inside.
+
+@item no explicit starting pitch
+The form @code{\relative @{ gis''' @dots{} @}}) serves
+as a compact version of the previous option: the first note
+inside is written in absolute pitch itself.  (This happens to be
+equivalent to choosing @code{f} as the reference pitch.)
+@end table
+
+The documentation will usually employ the last option.
 @end itemize
 
 Here is the relative mode shown in action:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   \clef bass
   c d e f
   g a b c
@@ -162,8 +206,8 @@ Octave changing marks are used for intervals greater than a
 fourth:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
-  c g c f,
+\relative {
+  c'' g c f,
   c' a, e'' c
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -172,20 +216,21 @@ A note sequence without a single octave mark can nevertheless span
 large intervals:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c {
+\relative {
   c f b e
   a d g c
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 When @code{\relative} blocks are nested, the innermost
-@code{\relative} block applies.
+@code{\relative} block starts with its own reference pitch
+independently of the outer @code{\relative}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c' {
-  c d e f
-  \relative c'' {
-    c d e f
+\relative {
+  c' d e f
+  \relative {
+    c'' d e f
   }
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -207,12 +252,12 @@ Music inside a @code{\transpose} block is absolute unless a
 @code{\relative} is included.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c' {
-  d e
+\relative {
+  d' e
   \transpose f g {
     d e
-    \relative c' {
-      d e
+    \relative {
+      d' e
     }
   }
 }
@@ -229,8 +274,8 @@ relative to the preceding one.  Examine the next example
 carefully, paying attention to the @code{c} notes.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c' {
-  c
+\relative {
+  c'
   <c e g>
   <c' e g'>
   <c, e, g''>
@@ -246,17 +291,14 @@ double-diminished fifth, regardless of the number of semitones
 that each interval contains.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
-  c2 fis
+\relative {
+  c''2 fis
   c2 ges
   b2 eisis
   b2 feses
 }
 @end lilypond
 
-One consequence of these rules is that the first note inside
-@code{@w{\relative f}} music is interpreted just the same as
-if it was written in absolute pitch mode.
 
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
@@ -283,12 +325,6 @@ Internals Reference:
 @funindex \relative
 @funindex relative
 
-@c DEPRECATED
-If no @code{@var{startpitch}} is specified for @code{\relative},
-then@tie{}@code{c'} is assumed.  However, this is a deprecated
-option and may disappear in future versions, so its use is
-discouraged.
-
 
 @node Accidentals
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Accidentals
@@ -299,11 +335,11 @@ discouraged.
 
 @c duplicated in Key signature and Accidentals
 @warning{New users are sometimes confused about accidentals and
-key signatures.  In LilyPond, note names are the raw input; key
-signatures and clefs determine how this raw input is displayed.
+key signatures.  In LilyPond, note names specify pitches; key
+signatures and clefs determine how these pitches are displayed.
 An unaltered note like@tie{}@code{c} means @q{C natural},
 regardless of the key signature or clef.  For more information,
-see @rlearning{Accidentals and key signatures}.}
+see @rlearning{Pitches and key signatures}.}
 
 @cindex note names, Dutch
 @cindex note names, default
@@ -328,10 +364,9 @@ for accidentals, see @ref{Note names in other languages}.
 ais1 aes aisis aeses
 @end lilypond
 
-A natural will cancel the effect of an accidental or key
-signature.  However, naturals are not encoded into the note name
-syntax with a suffix; a natural pitch is shown as a simple note
-name:
+A natural pitch is entered as a simple note name; no suffix is
+required.  A natural sign will be printed when needed to cancel
+the effect of an earlier accidental or key signature.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 a4 aes a2
@@ -366,8 +401,7 @@ print them manually.  A reminder accidental can be forced by
 adding an exclamation mark@tie{}@code{!} after the pitch.  A
 cautionary accidental (i.e., an accidental within parentheses) can
 be obtained by adding the question mark@tie{}@code{?} after the
-pitch.  These extra accidentals can also be used to produce
-natural signs.
+pitch.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 cis cis cis! cis? c c c! c?
@@ -379,8 +413,8 @@ cis cis cis! cis? c c c! c?
 Accidentals on tied notes are only printed at the beginning of a
 new system:
 
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-cis1~ cis~
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2,ragged-right]
+cis1~ 1~
 \break
 cis
 @end lilypond
@@ -404,7 +438,7 @@ Music Glossary:
 @rglos{quarter tone}.
 
 Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{Accidentals and key signatures}.
+@rlearning{Pitches and key signatures}.
 
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Automatic accidentals},
@@ -445,8 +479,8 @@ using Italian note names:
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \language "italiano"
 
-\relative do' {
-  do re mi sib
+\relative {
+  do' re mi sib
 }
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -464,9 +498,9 @@ The available languages and the note names they define are:
   @tab c d e f g a b h
 @item @code{english}
   @tab c d e f g a bf b
-@item @code{espanol}
+@item @code{espanol} or @code{español}
   @tab do re mi fa sol la sib si
-@item @code{italiano}
+@item @code{italiano} or @code{français}
   @tab do re mi fa sol la sib si
 @item @code{norsk}
   @tab c d e f g a b h
@@ -485,33 +519,33 @@ In addition to note names, accidental suffixes may
 also vary depending on the language:
 
 @quotation
-@multitable {@code{nederlands}} {-s/-sharp} {-ess/-es} {-ss/-x/-sharpsharp} {-essess/-eses}
+@multitable {@code{nederlands}} {-@code{s}/-@code{-sharp}} {-@code{ess}/-@code{es}} {-@code{ss}/-@code{x}/-@code{-sharpsharp}} {-@code{essess}/-@code{eses}}
 @headitem Language
   @tab sharp @tab flat @tab double sharp @tab double flat
 @item @code{nederlands}
-  @tab -is @tab -es @tab -isis @tab -eses
+  @tab -@code{is} @tab -@code{es} @tab -@code{isis} @tab -@code{eses}
 @item @code{catalan}
-  @tab -d/-s @tab -b @tab -dd/-ss @tab -bb
+  @tab -@code{d}/-@code{s} @tab -@code{b} @tab -@code{dd}/-@code{ss} @tab -@code{bb}
 @item @code{deutsch}
-  @tab -is @tab -es @tab -isis @tab -eses
+  @tab -@code{is} @tab -@code{es} @tab -@code{isis} @tab -@code{eses}
 @item @code{english}
-  @tab -s/-sharp @tab -f/-flat @tab -ss/-x/-sharpsharp
-    @tab -ff/-flatflat
-@item @code{espanol}
-  @tab -s @tab -b @tab -ss/-x @tab -bb
-@item @code{italiano}
-  @tab -d @tab -b @tab -dd @tab -bb
+  @tab -@code{s}/-@code{-sharp} @tab -@code{f}/-@code{-flat} @tab -@code{ss}/-@code{x}/-@code{-sharpsharp}
+    @tab -@code{ff}/-@code{-flatflat}
+@item @code{espanol} or @code{español}
+  @tab -@code{s} @tab -@code{b} @tab -@code{ss}/-@code{x} @tab -@code{bb}
+@item @code{italiano} or @code{français}
+  @tab -@code{d} @tab -@code{b} @tab -@code{dd} @tab -@code{bb}
 @item @code{norsk}
-  @tab -iss/-is @tab -ess/-es @tab -ississ/-isis
-    @tab -essess/-eses
+  @tab -@code{iss}/-@code{is} @tab -@code{ess}/-@code{es} @tab -@code{ississ}/-@code{isis}
+    @tab -@code{essess}/-@code{eses}
 @item @code{portugues}
-  @tab -s @tab -b @tab -ss @tab -bb
+  @tab -@code{s} @tab -@code{b} @tab -@code{ss} @tab -@code{bb}
 @item @code{suomi}
-  @tab -is @tab -es @tab -isis @tab -eses
+  @tab -@code{is} @tab -@code{es} @tab -@code{isis} @tab -@code{eses}
 @item @code{svenska}
-  @tab -iss @tab -ess @tab -ississ @tab -essess
+  @tab -@code{iss} @tab -@code{ess} @tab -@code{ississ} @tab -@code{essess}
 @item @code{vlaams}
-  @tab -k @tab -b @tab -kk @tab -bb
+  @tab -@code{k} @tab -@code{b} @tab -@code{kk} @tab -@code{bb}
 @end multitable
 @end quotation
 
@@ -551,9 +585,9 @@ appear in this table do not provide special note names yet.
   @tab -ih @tab -eh @tab -isih @tab -eseh
 @item @code{english}
   @tab -qs @tab -qf @tab -tqs @tab -tqf
-@item @code{espanol}
+@item @code{espanol} or @code{español}
   @tab -cs @tab -cb @tab -tcs @tab -tcb
-@item @code{italiano}
+@item @code{italiano} or @code{français}
   @tab -sd @tab -sb @tab -dsd @tab -bsb
 @item @code{portugues}
   @tab -sqt @tab -bqt @tab -stqt @tab -btqt
@@ -618,8 +652,8 @@ octave @code{d''} instead of @code{d'} as indicated by the octave
 correction.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
-  c2 d='4 d
+\relative {
+  c''2 d='4 d
   e2 f
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -634,8 +668,8 @@ printed, but the previous note is not changed.  Future notes are
 relative to the @code{@var{controlpitch}}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
-  c2 d
+\relative {
+  c''2 d
   \octaveCheck c'
   e2 f
 }
@@ -645,8 +679,8 @@ Compare the two bars below.  The first and third @code{\octaveCheck}
 checks fail, but the second one does not fail.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
-  c4 f g f
+\relative {
+  c''4 f g f
 
   c4
   \octaveCheck c'
@@ -704,9 +738,9 @@ automatically transposed as well.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 \transpose d e {
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key d \major
-    d4 fis a d
+    d'4 fis a d
   }
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -721,9 +755,9 @@ part will be produced with:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 \transpose a c' {
-  \relative c' {
+  \relative {
     \key c \major
-    c4 d e g
+    c'4 d e g
   }
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -740,7 +774,7 @@ the notes will remain on the same scale step, the second version
 will print flats on the scale step above.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-music = \relative c' { c d e f }
+music = \relative { c' d e f }
 \new Staff {
   \transpose c cis { \music }
   \transpose c des { \music }
@@ -832,7 +866,7 @@ The @code{@var{musicexpr}} is inverted interval-by-interval around
 @code{@var{around-pitch}} is mapped to @code{@var{to-pitch}}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-music = \relative c' { c d e f }
+music = \relative { c' d e f }
 \new Staff {
   \music
   \inversion d' d' \music
@@ -841,7 +875,7 @@ music = \relative c' { c d e f }
 @end lilypond
 
 @warning{Motifs to be inverted should be expressed in absolute form
-or be first converted to absolute form by enclosing them in a 
+or be first converted to absolute form by enclosing them in a
 @code{\relative} block.}
 
 @seealso
@@ -863,7 +897,7 @@ Notation Reference:
 A music expression can be reversed to produce its retrograde:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-music = \relative c' { c8. ees16( fis8. a16 b8.) gis16 f8. d16 }
+music = \relative { c'8. ees16( fis8. a16 b8.) gis16 f8. d16 }
 
 \new Staff {
   \music
@@ -919,8 +953,8 @@ number of scale degrees given by the interval between @var{to-pitch}
 and @var{from-pitch}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-diatonicScale = \relative c' { c d e f g a b }
-motif = \relative c' { c8 d e f g a b c }
+diatonicScale = \relative { c' d e f g a b }
+motif = \relative { c'8 d e f g a b c }
 
 \new Staff {
   \motif
@@ -933,8 +967,8 @@ An ascending scale of any length and with any intervals may be
 specified:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-pentatonicScale = \relative c' { ges aes bes des ees }
-motif = \relative c' { ees8 des ges,4 <ges' bes,> <ges bes,> }
+pentatonicScale = \relative { ges aes bes des ees }
+motif = \relative { ees'8 des ges,4 <ges' bes,> <ges bes,> }
 
 \new Staff {
   \motif
@@ -947,8 +981,8 @@ similar effect to @code{\transpose}, but with the ability to
 specify the names of the notes to be used:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-chromaticScale = \relative c' { c cis d dis e f fis g gis a ais b }
-motif = \relative c' { c8 d e f g a b c }
+chromaticScale = \relative { c' cis d dis e f fis g gis a ais b }
+motif = \relative { c'8 d e f g a b c }
 
 \new Staff {
   \motif
@@ -982,8 +1016,8 @@ So to simply invert around a note in the scale use the same value for
 @var{around-pitch} and @var{to-pitch}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-octatonicScale = \relative c' { ees f fis gis a b c d }
-motif = \relative c' { c8. ees16 fis8. a16 b8. gis16 f8. d16 }
+octatonicScale = \relative { ees' f fis gis a b c d }
+motif = \relative { c'8. ees16 fis8. a16 b8. gis16 f8. d16 }
 
 \new Staff {
   \motif
@@ -996,8 +1030,8 @@ one of the notes and then transpose by one scale degree.  The two notes
 specified can be interpreted as bracketing the pivot point:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-scale = \relative c' { c g' }
-motive = \relative c' { c c g' c, }
+scale = \relative { c' g' }
+motive = \relative { c' c g' c, }
 
 \new Staff {
   \motive
@@ -1009,8 +1043,8 @@ The combined operation of inversion and retrograde produce the
 retrograde-inversion:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-octatonicScale = \relative c' { ees f fis gis a b c d }
-motif = \relative c' { c8. ees16 fis8. a16 b8. gis16 f8. d16 }
+octatonicScale = \relative { ees' f fis gis a b c d }
+motif = \relative { c'8. ees16 fis8. a16 b8. gis16 f8. d16 }
 
 \new Staff {
   \motif
@@ -1079,8 +1113,16 @@ This section discusses how to alter the output of pitches.
 @funindex \clef
 @funindex clef
 
-The clef may be altered.  Middle C is shown in every example.  The
-following clef names can (but do not need to) be enclosed in quotes.
+Without any explicit command, the default clef for LilyPond is the
+treble (or @emph{G}) clef.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1,ragged-right]
+c2 c
+@end lilypond
+
+However, the clef can be changed by using the @code{\clef} command and
+an appropriate clef name.  @emph{Middle C} is shown in each of the
+following examples.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
 \clef treble
@@ -1093,40 +1135,23 @@ c2 c
 c2 c
 @end lilypond
 
-Other clefs include:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\clef french
-c2 c
-\clef soprano
-c2 c
-\clef mezzosoprano
-c2 c
-\clef baritone
-c2 c
+For the full range of possible clef names see @ref{Clef styles}.
 
-\break
+Specialized clefs, such as those used in @emph{Ancient} music, are
+described in @ref{Mensural clefs} and @ref{Gregorian clefs}.  Music that
+requires tablature clefs is discussed in @ref{Default tablatures} and
+@ref{Custom tablatures}.
 
-\clef varbaritone
-c2 c
-\clef subbass
-c2 c
-\clef percussion
-c2 c
-
-\break
-
-\clef G   % synonym for treble
-c2 c
-\clef F   % synonym for bass
-c2 c
-\clef C   % synonym for alto
-c2 c
-@end lilypond
+@cindex Cue clefs
+@cindex Clefs with cue notes
+For mixing clefs when using cue notes, see the @code{\cueClef} and
+@code{\cueDuringWithClef} commands in @ref{Formatting cue notes}.
 
 @cindex transposing clef
 @cindex clef, transposing
 @cindex octave transposition
+@cindex optional octave transposition
+@cindex octave transposition, optional
 @cindex choral tenor clef
 @cindex tenor clef, choral
 
@@ -1151,14 +1176,73 @@ c2 c
 c2 c
 @end lilypond
 
-Some special purpose clefs are described in @ref{Mensural clefs},
-@ref{Gregorian clefs}, @ref{Default tablatures}, and @ref{Custom
-tablatures}.  For mixing different clefs when using cue notes within a
-score, see the @code{\cueClef} and @code{\cueDuringWithClef} functions
-in @ref{Formatting cue notes}.
+Optional octavation can be obtained by enclosing the numeric
+argument in parentheses or brackets:
 
-@snippets
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\clef "treble_(8)"
+c2 c
+\clef "bass^[15]"
+c2 c
+@end lilypond
+
+The pitches are displayed as if the numeric argument were
+given without parentheses/brackets.
+
+By default, a clef change taking place at a line break will cause
+the new clef symbol to be printed at the end of the previous line,
+as a @emph{warning} clef, as well as the beginning of the next.
+This @emph{warning} clef can be suppressed.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\clef treble { c2 c } \break
+\clef bass { c2 c } \break
+\clef alto
+  \set Staff.explicitClefVisibility = #end-of-line-invisible
+  { c2 c } \break
+  \unset Staff.explicitClefVisibility
+\clef bass { c2 c } \break
+@end lilypond
+
+By default, a clef that has previously been printed will not be
+re-printed if the same @code{\clef} command is issued again and
+will be ignored.  The the command
+@code{\set Staff.forceClef = ##t} changes this behaviour.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+  \clef treble
+  c1
+  \clef treble
+  c1
+  \set Staff.forceClef = ##t
+  c1
+  \clef treble
+  c1
+@end lilypond
+
+When there is a manual clef change, the glyph of the changed clef
+will be smaller than normal.  This behaviour can be overridden.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+  \clef "treble"
+  c1
+  \clef "bass"
+  c1
+  \clef "treble"
+  c1
+  \override Staff.Clef.full-size-change = ##t
+  \clef "bass"
+  c1
+  \clef "treble"
+  c1
+  \revert Staff.Clef.full-size-change
+  \clef "bass"
+  c1
+  \clef "treble"
+  c1
+@end lilypond
 
+@snippets
 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {tweaking-clef-properties.ly}
 
@@ -1170,15 +1254,33 @@ Notation Reference:
 @ref{Custom tablatures},
 @ref{Formatting cue notes}.
 
+Installed Files:
+@file{scm/parser-clef.scm}.
+
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Pitches}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Clef_engraver},
 @rinternals{Clef},
-@rinternals{OctavateEight},
+@rinternals{ClefModifier},
 @rinternals{clef-interface}.
 
+@knownissues
+Ottavation numbers attached to clefs are treated as separate
+grobs.  So any @code{\override} done to the @var{Clef} will also
+need to be applied, as a separate @code{\override}, to the
+@var{ClefModifier} grob.
+
+@lilypond[fragment,quote,verbatim,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+  \override Clef.color = #blue
+  \override ClefModifier.color = #red
+}
+
+\clef "treble_8" c4
+@end lilypond
+
 
 @node Key signature
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Key signature
@@ -1194,7 +1296,7 @@ key signatures.  In LilyPond, note names are the raw input; key
 signatures and clefs determine how this raw input is displayed.
 An unaltered note like@tie{}@code{c} means @q{C natural},
 regardless of the key signature or clef.  For more information,
-see @rlearning{Accidentals and key signatures}.}
+see @rlearning{Pitches and key signatures}.}
 
 The key signature indicates the tonality in which a piece is
 played.  It is denoted by a set of alterations (flats or sharps)
@@ -1250,6 +1352,37 @@ f
 fis
 @end lilypond
 
+Additional modes can be defined, by listing the alterations
+for each scale step when the mode starts on C.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+freygish = #`((0 . ,NATURAL) (1 . ,FLAT) (2 . ,NATURAL)
+    (3 . ,NATURAL) (4 . ,NATURAL) (5 . ,FLAT) (6 . ,FLAT))
+
+\relative {
+  \key c \freygish c'4 des e f
+  \bar "||" \key d \freygish d es fis g
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Accidentals in the key signature may be printed in octaves other
+than their traditional positions, or in multiple octaves, by
+using the @code{flat-positions} and @code{sharp-positions}
+properties of @code{KeySignature}.  Entries in these properties
+specify the range of staff-positions where accidentals will be
+printed.  If a single position is specified in an entry, the
+accidentals are placed within the octave ending at that staff
+position.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, quote,relative=0]
+\override Staff.KeySignature.flat-positions = #'((-5 . 5))
+\override Staff.KeyCancellation.flat-positions = #'((-5 . 5))
+\clef bass \key es \major es g bes d
+\clef treble \bar "||" \key es \major es g bes d
+
+\override Staff.KeySignature.sharp-positions = #'(2)
+\bar "||" \key b \major b fis b2
+@end lilypond
 
 @snippets
 
@@ -1259,13 +1392,14 @@ fis
 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {non-traditional-key-signatures.ly}
 
+
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{church mode},
 @rglos{scordatura}.
 
 Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{Accidentals and key signatures}.
+@rlearning{Pitches and key signatures}.
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Pitches}.
@@ -1276,7 +1410,6 @@ Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Key_performer},
 @rinternals{KeyCancellation},
 @rinternals{KeySignature},
-@rinternals{key-cancellation-interface},
 @rinternals{key-signature-interface}.
 
 
@@ -1315,6 +1448,12 @@ a2 b
 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {ottava-text.ly}
 
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{adding-an-ottava-marking-to-a-single-voice.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{modifying-the-ottava-spanner-slope.ly}
+
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{octavation}.
@@ -1393,21 +1532,34 @@ playing in unison.
 @end lilypond
 
 The @code{\transposition} may be changed during a piece.  For
-example, a clarinetist may switch from an A clarinet to a B-flat
-clarinet.
+example, a clarinetist may be required to switch from an A clarinet
+to a B-flat clarinet.
 
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Cl (A)"
-\key a \major
-\transposition a
-c d e f
-\textLengthOn
-<>^\markup { Switch to B\flat clarinet }
-R1
-
-\key bes \major
-\transposition bes
-c2 g
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+flute = \relative c'' {
+  \key f \major
+  \cueDuring #"clarinet" #DOWN {
+    R1 _\markup\tiny "clarinet"
+    c4 f e d
+    R1 _\markup\tiny "clarinet"
+  }
+}
+clarinet = \relative c'' {
+  \key aes \major
+  \transposition a
+  aes4 bes c des
+  R1^\markup { muta in B\flat }
+  \key g \major
+  \transposition bes
+  d2 g,
+}
+\addQuote "clarinet" \clarinet
+<<
+  \new Staff \with { instrumentName = #"Flute" }
+    \flute
+  \new Staff \with { instrumentName = #"Cl (A)" }
+    \clarinet
+>>
 @end lilypond
 
 @seealso
@@ -1443,7 +1595,7 @@ accidental style to use.  This function is called as follows:
 
 @example
 \new Staff <<
-  \accidentalStyle "voice"
+  \accidentalStyle voice
   @{ @dots{} @}
 >>
 @end example
@@ -1456,7 +1608,7 @@ scope the style should be changed.  For example, to use the same
 style in all staves of the current @code{StaffGroup}, use:
 
 @example
-\accidentalStyle #'StaffGroup "voice"
+\accidentalStyle StaffGroup.voice
 @end example
 
 The following accidental styles are supported.  To demonstrate
@@ -1466,12 +1618,12 @@ each style, we use the following example:
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -1481,8 +1633,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -1499,11 +1651,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "default"
+      \accidentalStyle default
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "default"
+      \accidentalStyle default
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -1519,7 +1671,7 @@ both staves.
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" @{
       %%% change the next line as desired:
-      \accidentalStyle #'Score "default"
+      \accidentalStyle Score.default
       \musicA
     @}
     \context Staff = "down" @{
@@ -1549,12 +1701,12 @@ last@tie{}@code{c}:
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -1564,8 +1716,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -1582,11 +1734,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "default"
+      \accidentalStyle default
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "default"
+      \accidentalStyle default
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -1622,12 +1774,12 @@ individual musicians.  If the staff is to be used by one musician
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -1637,8 +1789,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -1655,11 +1807,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "voice"
+      \accidentalStyle voice
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "voice"
+      \accidentalStyle voice
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -1688,12 +1840,12 @@ the upper staff:
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -1703,8 +1855,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -1721,11 +1873,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "modern"
+      \accidentalStyle modern
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "modern"
+      \accidentalStyle modern
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -1742,22 +1894,20 @@ musicB = {
 
 @funindex modern-cautionary
 
-This rule is similar to @code{modern}, but the @q{extra}
-accidentals (the ones not typeset by @code{default}) are typeset
-as cautionary accidentals.  They are by default printed with
-parentheses, but they can also be printed in reduced size by
-defining the @code{cautionary-style} property of
-@code{AccidentalSuggestion}.
+This rule is similar to @code{modern}, but the @q{extra} accidentals
+are printed as cautionary accidentals (with parentheses).  They can also
+be printed at a different size by overriding
+@code{AccidentalCautionary}'s @code{font-size} property.
 
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -1767,8 +1917,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -1785,11 +1935,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "modern-cautionary"
+      \accidentalStyle modern-cautionary
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "modern-cautionary"
+      \accidentalStyle modern-cautionary
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -1819,12 +1969,12 @@ accidental in a different voice in the previous measure:
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -1834,8 +1984,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -1852,11 +2002,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "modern-voice"
+      \accidentalStyle modern-voice
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "modern-voice"
+      \accidentalStyle modern-voice
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -1880,12 +2030,12 @@ typeset as cautionaries.
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -1895,8 +2045,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -1913,11 +2063,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "modern-voice-cautionary"
+      \accidentalStyle modern-voice-cautionary
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "modern-voice-cautionary"
+      \accidentalStyle modern-voice-cautionary
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -1945,12 +2095,12 @@ This accidental style applies to the current @code{GrandStaff} or
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -1960,8 +2110,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -1978,7 +2128,7 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "piano"
+      \accidentalStyle piano
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
@@ -2005,12 +2155,12 @@ typeset as cautionaries.
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -2020,8 +2170,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -2038,7 +2188,7 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "piano-cautionary"
+      \accidentalStyle piano-cautionary
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
@@ -2064,12 +2214,12 @@ if the note is immediately repeated.
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -2079,8 +2229,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -2097,11 +2247,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "neo-modern"
+      \accidentalStyle neo-modern
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "neo-modern"
+      \accidentalStyle neo-modern
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -2115,18 +2265,20 @@ musicB = {
 
 @funindex neo-modern-cautionary
 
-This rule is similar to @code{neo-modern}, but the extra
-accidentals are printed as cautionary accidentals.
+This rule is similar to @code{neo-modern}, but the @q{extra} accidentals
+are printed as cautionary accidentals (with parentheses).  They can also
+be printed at a different size by overriding
+@code{AccidentalCautionary}'s @code{font-size} property.
 
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -2136,8 +2288,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -2154,11 +2306,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "neo-modern-cautionary"
+      \accidentalStyle neo-modern-cautionary
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "neo-modern-cautionary"
+      \accidentalStyle neo-modern-cautionary
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -2181,12 +2333,12 @@ but they are canceled across voices in the same @code{Staff}.
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -2196,8 +2348,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -2214,11 +2366,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "neo-modern-voice"
+      \accidentalStyle neo-modern-voice
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "neo-modern-voice"
+      \accidentalStyle neo-modern-voice
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -2238,12 +2390,12 @@ accidentals are printed as cautionary accidentals.
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -2253,8 +2405,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -2271,11 +2423,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "neo-modern-voice-cautionary"
+      \accidentalStyle neo-modern-voice-cautionary
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "neo-modern-voice-cautionary"
+      \accidentalStyle neo-modern-voice-cautionary
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -2298,12 +2450,130 @@ including natural signs.
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+      cis2. <c, g'>4 |
+    }
+    \\
+    \relative {
+      ais'2 cis, |
+      fis8 b a4 cis2 |
+    }
+  >>
+}
+
+musicB = {
+  \clef bass
+  \new Voice {
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+      \change Staff = up
+      cis' cis
+      \change Staff = down
+      <fis, a> <fis a>]
+      \showStaffSwitch
+      \change Staff = up
+      dis'4 |
+      \change Staff = down
+      <fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+\new PianoStaff {
+  <<
+    \context Staff = "up" {
+      \accidentalStyle dodecaphonic
+      \musicA
+    }
+    \context Staff = "down" {
+      \accidentalStyle dodecaphonic
+      \musicB
+    }
+  >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item dodecaphonic-no-repeat
+
+@cindex dodecaphonic accidental style
+@cindex dodecaphonic style, neo-modern
+
+@funindex dodecaphonic-no-repeat
+
+Like with the dodecaphonic accidental style @emph{every} note
+gets an accidental sign by default, but accidentals are
+suppressed for pitches immediately repeated within the same staff.
+
+@lilypond[quote]
+musicA = {
+  <<
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+      cis2. <c, g'>4 |
+    }
+    \\
+    \relative {
+      ais'2 cis, |
+      fis8 b a4 cis2 |
+    }
+  >>
+}
+
+musicB = {
+  \clef bass
+  \new Voice {
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+      \change Staff = up
+      cis' cis
+      \change Staff = down
+      <fis, a> <fis a>]
+      \showStaffSwitch
+      \change Staff = up
+      dis'4 |
+      \change Staff = down
+      <fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+\new PianoStaff {
+  <<
+    \context Staff = "up" {
+      \accidentalStyle dodecaphonic-no-repeat
+      \musicA
+    }
+    \context Staff = "down" {
+      \accidentalStyle dodecaphonic-no-repeat
+      \musicB
+    }
+  >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@item dodecaphonic-first
+
+@cindex dodecaphonic accidental style
+@cindex dodecaphonic style, neo-modern
+
+@funindex dodecaphonic-first
+
+Similar to the dodecaphonic accidental style @emph{every} pitch
+gets an accidental sign, but only the first time it is encountered
+in a measure.  Accidentals are only remembered for the actual octave
+but throughout voices.
+
+@lilypond[quote]
+musicA = {
+  <<
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -2313,8 +2583,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -2331,11 +2601,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "dodecaphonic"
+      \accidentalStyle dodecaphonic-first
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "dodecaphonic"
+      \accidentalStyle dodecaphonic-first
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -2359,12 +2629,12 @@ key signature, except if the note is immediately repeated.
 @lilypond[quote,staffsize=18]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -2374,8 +2644,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -2393,12 +2663,12 @@ musicB = {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
       \key fis \minor
-      \accidentalStyle "teaching"
+      \accidentalStyle teaching
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
       \key fis \minor
-      \accidentalStyle "teaching"
+      \accidentalStyle teaching
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -2420,12 +2690,12 @@ This is the same as @code{default} but with accidentals lasting
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -2435,8 +2705,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -2453,11 +2723,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "no-reset"
+      \accidentalStyle no-reset
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "no-reset"
+      \accidentalStyle no-reset
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -2479,12 +2749,12 @@ the music.
 @lilypond[quote]
 musicA = {
   <<
-    \relative c' {
-      cis'8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+    \relative {
+      cis''8 fis, bes4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
       cis2. <c, g'>4 |
     }
     \\
-    \relative c' {
+    \relative {
       ais'2 cis, |
       fis8 b a4 cis2 |
     }
@@ -2494,8 +2764,8 @@ musicA = {
 musicB = {
   \clef bass
   \new Voice {
-    \voiceTwo \relative c' {
-      <fis, a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
+    \voiceTwo \relative {
+      <fis a cis>8[ <fis a cis>
       \change Staff = up
       cis' cis
       \change Staff = down
@@ -2512,11 +2782,11 @@ musicB = {
 \new PianoStaff {
   <<
     \context Staff = "up" {
-      \accidentalStyle "forget"
+      \accidentalStyle forget
       \musicA
     }
     \context Staff = "down" {
-      \accidentalStyle "forget"
+      \accidentalStyle forget
       \musicB
     }
   >>
@@ -2559,7 +2829,7 @@ not need a natural sign:
 
 @lilypond[quote]
 {
-  \accidentalStyle "modern"
+  \accidentalStyle modern
   \time 2/4
   \repeat volta 2 {
     c'2
@@ -2575,13 +2845,13 @@ The following work-around can be used: define a function that locally changes
 the accidental style to @code{forget}:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-forget = #(define-music-function (parser location music) (ly:music?) #{
-  \accidentalStyle "forget"
+forget = #(define-music-function (music) (ly:music?) #{
+  \accidentalStyle forget
   #music
-  \accidentalStyle "modern"
+  \accidentalStyle modern
 #})
 {
-  \accidentalStyle "modern"
+  \accidentalStyle modern
   \time 2/4
   \repeat volta 2 {
     c'2
@@ -2620,8 +2890,8 @@ printed if they are not part of the key signature.
   }
 }
 
-\relative c'' {
-  aes c e2
+\relative {
+  aes' c e2
   cis,1
 }
 @end lilypond
@@ -2696,13 +2966,13 @@ The appearance of note heads may be altered:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 c4 b
-\override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
+\override NoteHead.style = #'cross
 c4 b
-\revert NoteHead #'style
+\revert NoteHead.style
 a b
-\override NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic
+\override NoteHead.style = #'harmonic
 a b
-\revert NoteHead #'style
+\revert NoteHead.style
 c4 d e f
 @end lilypond
 
@@ -2735,11 +3005,10 @@ As synonyms for @code{\xNote}, @code{\xNotesOn} and @code{\xNotesOff},
 @code{\deadNote}, @code{\deadNotesOn} and @code{\deadNotesOff} can
 be used.  The term @notation{dead note} is commonly used by guitarists.
 
-There is also a shorthand for diamond shapes which can be used
-only inside chords:
+There is also a similar shorthand for diamond shapes:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-<c f\harmonic>2 <d a'\harmonic>4 <c g'\harmonic>
+<c f\harmonic>2 <d a'\harmonic>4 <c g'\harmonic> f\harmonic
 @end lilypond
 
 @predefined
@@ -2972,8 +3241,8 @@ rhythm.  Such note heads can be created:
   e8 e g a a16( bes) a8 g
   \improvisationOn
   e8 ~
-  e2 ~ e8 f4 f8 ~
-  f2
+  2 ~ 8 f4 f8 ~
+  2
   \improvisationOff
   a16( bes) a8 g e
 }