X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fnotation%2Fpitches.itely;h=15af95d1405ba6ff626fd31ee912f7581f559274;hb=4051d4410364b9984faa181659a3bfe2763a9736;hp=2b7d0fbee57d0ce4f686b734c8675df7c664858f;hpb=cca3c4542eded4f78aad08ed0928c368d7695e9a;p=lilypond.git diff --git a/Documentation/notation/pitches.itely b/Documentation/notation/pitches.itely index 2b7d0fbee5..15af95d140 100644 --- a/Documentation/notation/pitches.itely +++ b/Documentation/notation/pitches.itely @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. @end ignore -@c \version "2.19.22" +@c \version "2.19.53" @node Pitches @@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ octave. } @end lilypond -@funindex fixed @funindex \fixed Common octave marks can be entered just once on a reference pitch after @code{\fixed} placed before the music. Pitches inside @@ -129,7 +128,6 @@ Snippets: @cindex relative octave specification @cindex octave specification, relative -@funindex relative @funindex \relative Absolute octave entry requires specifying the octave for every @@ -299,6 +297,24 @@ that each interval contains. } @end lilypond +In complex situations, it is sometimes useful to get back to a +certain pitch regardless of what happened before. This can be +done using @code{\resetRelativeOctave}: + +@lilypond[verbatim,quote] +\relative { + << + { c''2 d } + \\ + { e,,2 f } + >> + \resetRelativeOctave c'' + c2 +} +@end lilypond + +@funindex \resetRelativeOctave + @seealso Music Glossary: @@ -319,11 +335,8 @@ Internals Reference: @cindex transposition and relative octave entry @funindex \transpose -@funindex transpose @funindex \chordmode -@funindex chordmode @funindex \relative -@funindex relative @node Accidentals @@ -461,7 +474,7 @@ Internals Reference: @knownissues There are no generally accepted standards for denoting -quarter-tone accidentals, so LilyPond's symbol does not conform to +quarter-tone accidentals, so LilyPond's symbols do not conform to any standard. @@ -489,7 +502,7 @@ using Italian note names: The available languages and the note names they define are: @quotation -@multitable {@code{nederlands}} {do re mi fa sol la sib si} +@multitable {@code{nederlands}} {do re/re mi fa sol la sib si} @headitem Language @tab Note Names @item @code{nederlands} @@ -502,7 +515,9 @@ The available languages and the note names they define are: @tab c d e f g a bf b @item @code{espanol} or @code{español} @tab do re mi fa sol la sib si -@item @code{italiano} or @code{français} +@item @code{français} + @tab do ré/re mi fa sol la sib si +@item @code{italiano} @tab do re mi fa sol la sib si @item @code{norsk} @tab c d e f g a b h @@ -521,7 +536,7 @@ In addition to note names, accidental suffixes may also vary depending on the language: @quotation -@multitable {@code{nederlands}} {-@code{s}/-@code{-sharp}} {-@code{ess}/-@code{es}} {-@code{ss}/-@code{x}/-@code{-sharpsharp}} {-@code{essess}/-@code{eses}} +@multitable {@code{nederlands}} {-@code{s}/-@code{-sharp}} {-@code{f}/-@code{-flat}} {-@code{ss}/-@code{x}/-@code{-sharpsharp}} {-@code{ff}/-@code{-flatflat}} @headitem Language @tab sharp @tab flat @tab double sharp @tab double flat @item @code{nederlands} @@ -535,7 +550,9 @@ also vary depending on the language: @tab -@code{ff}/-@code{-flatflat} @item @code{espanol} or @code{español} @tab -@code{s} @tab -@code{b} @tab -@code{ss}/-@code{x} @tab -@code{bb} -@item @code{italiano} or @code{français} +@item @code{français} + @tab -@code{d} @tab -@code{b} @tab -@code{dd}/-@code{x} @tab -@code{bb} +@item @code{italiano} @tab -@code{d} @tab -@code{b} @tab -@code{dd} @tab -@code{bb} @item @code{norsk} @tab -@code{iss}/-@code{is} @tab -@code{ess}/-@code{es} @tab -@code{ississ}/-@code{isis} @@ -589,7 +606,9 @@ appear in this table do not provide special note names yet. @tab -qs @tab -qf @tab -tqs @tab -tqf @item @code{espanol} or @code{español} @tab -cs @tab -cb @tab -tcs @tab -tcb -@item @code{italiano} or @code{français} +@item @code{français} + @tab -sd @tab -sb @tab -dsd @tab -bsb +@item @code{italiano} @tab -sd @tab -sb @tab -dsd @tab -bsb @item @code{portugues} @tab -sqt @tab -bqt @tab -stqt @tab -btqt @@ -639,7 +658,6 @@ This section discusses how to modify pitches. @funindex = @funindex \octaveCheck -@funindex octaveCheck @funindex controlpitch In relative mode, it is easy to forget an octave changing mark. @@ -714,7 +732,6 @@ Internals Reference: @cindex notes, transposition of @funindex \transpose -@funindex transpose A music expression can be transposed with @code{\transpose}. The syntax is @@ -832,11 +849,8 @@ Internals Reference: @rinternals{TransposedMusic}. @funindex \transpose -@funindex transpose @funindex \chordmode -@funindex chordmode @funindex \relative -@funindex relative @knownissues The relative conversion will not affect @code{\transpose}, @@ -845,7 +859,7 @@ relative mode within transposed music, an additional @code{\relative} must be placed inside @code{\transpose}. Triple accidentals will not be printed if using @code{\transpose}. An -@q{enharmonically equivalent} pitch will be used instead (e.g. d-flat +@q{enharmonically equivalent} pitch will be used instead (e.g., d-flat rather than e-triple-flat). @@ -894,7 +908,6 @@ Notation Reference: @cindex transformation, retrograde @cindex operation, retrograde @funindex \retrograde -@funindex retrograde A music expression can be reversed to produce its retrograde: @@ -908,9 +921,14 @@ music = \relative { c'8. ees16( fis8. a16 b8.) gis16 f8. d16 } @end lilypond @knownissues -Manual ties inside @code{\retrograde} will be broken and -generate warnings. Some ties can be generated automatically -by enabling @ref{Automatic note splitting}. +@code{\retrograde} is a rather simple tool. Since many events are +@q{mirrored} rather than exchanged, tweaks and directional +modifiers for opening spanners need to be added at the matching +closing spanners: @code{^(} needs to be ended by @code{^)}, every +@code{\<} or @code{\cresc} needs to be ended by @code{\!} or +@code{\endcr}, every @code{\>} or @code{\decr} needs to be ended +by @code{\enddecr}. Property-changing commands/overrides with a +lasting effect will likely cause surprises. @seealso Notation Reference: @@ -942,7 +960,6 @@ left untransformed.} @cindex transposition, modal @cindex operation, transposition @funindex \modalTranspose -@funindex modalTranspose A motif can be transposed within a given scale with: @@ -999,7 +1016,6 @@ motif = \relative { c'8 d e f g a b c } @cindex inversion, modal @cindex operation, modal inversion @funindex \modalInversion -@funindex modalInversion A motif can be inverted within a given scale around a given pivot note and transposed in a single operation with: @@ -1113,7 +1129,6 @@ This section discusses how to alter the output of pitches. @funindex \clef -@funindex clef Without any explicit command, the default clef for LilyPond is the treble (or @emph{G}) clef. @@ -1222,6 +1237,13 @@ will be ignored. The command c'1 @end lilypond +@noindent +To be more precise, it is not the @code{\clef} command itself that +prints a clef. Instead, it sets or changes a property of the +@code{Clef_engraver}, which then decides by its own whether to +display a clef or not in the current staff. The @code{forceClef} +property overrides this decision locally to re-print a clef once. + When there is a manual clef change, the glyph of the changed clef will be smaller than normal. This behaviour can be overridden. @@ -1290,7 +1312,6 @@ need to be applied, as a separate @code{\override}, to the @cindex key signature @funindex \key -@funindex key @c duplicated in Key signature and Accidentals @warning{New users are sometimes confused about accidentals and @@ -1309,23 +1330,14 @@ at the start of the staff. The key signature may be altered: @end example @funindex \major -@funindex major @funindex \minor -@funindex minor @funindex \ionian -@funindex ionian @funindex \locrian -@funindex locrian @funindex \aeolian -@funindex aeolian @funindex \mixolydian -@funindex mixolydian @funindex \lydian -@funindex lydian @funindex \phrygian -@funindex phrygian @funindex \dorian -@funindex dorian @cindex church modes @cindex modes @@ -1428,7 +1440,6 @@ Internals Reference: @funindex set-octavation @funindex \ottava -@funindex ottava @notation{Ottava brackets} introduce an extra transposition of an octave for the staff: @@ -1483,7 +1494,6 @@ Internals Reference: @cindex MIDI transposition @funindex \transposition -@funindex transposition When typesetting scores that involve transposing instruments, some parts can be typeset in a different pitch than the @@ -1513,26 +1523,24 @@ playing in unison. @lilypond[verbatim,quote] \new GrandStaff << - \new Staff = "violin" { - \relative c'' { - \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Vln" - \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" - % not strictly necessary, but a good reminder - \transposition c' - - \key c \major - g4( c8) r c r c4 - } + \new Staff = "violin" \with { + instrumentName = #"Vln" + midiInstrument = #"violin" } - \new Staff = "clarinet" { - \relative c'' { - \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { Cl (B\flat) } - \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet" - \transposition bes - - \key d \major - a4( d8) r d r d4 - } + \relative c'' { + % not strictly necessary, but a good reminder + \transposition c' + \key c \major + g4( c8) r c r c4 + } + \new Staff = "clarinet" \with { + instrumentName = \markup { Cl (B\flat) } + midiInstrument = #"clarinet" + } + \relative c'' { + \transposition bes + \key d \major + a4( d8) r d r d4 } >> @end lilypond @@ -2205,6 +2213,129 @@ musicB = { @end lilypond +@item choral + +@cindex accidental style, choral +@cindex accidentals, choral +@cindex choral accidental style +@cindex choral accidentals + +@funindex choral + +This rule is a combination of the @code{modern-voice} and the @code{piano} +style. It shows all accidentals required for singers that only follow their +own voice, as well as additional accidentals for readers that follow all +voices of an entire @code{ChoirStaff} simultaneously. + +This accidental style applies to the current @code{ChoirStaff} by default. + +@lilypond[quote] +musicA = { + << + \relative { + cis''8 fis, bes4 8 f bis4 | + cis2. 4 | + } + \\ + \relative { + ais'2 cis, | + fis8 b a4 cis2 | + } + >> +} + +musicB = { + \clef bass + \new Voice { + \voiceTwo \relative { + 8[ + \change Staff = up + cis' cis + \change Staff = down + ] + \showStaffSwitch + \change Staff = up + dis'4 | + \change Staff = down + 4 gis 2 | + } + } +} + +\new ChoirStaff { + << + \context Staff = "up" { + \accidentalStyle choral + \musicA + } + \context Staff = "down" { + \musicB + } + >> +} +@end lilypond + +@item choral-cautionary + +@cindex accidentals, choral cautionary +@cindex cautionary accidentals, choral +@cindex choral cautionary accidentals +@cindex accidental style, choral cautionary +@cindex cautionary accidental style, choral +@cindex choral cautionary accidental style + +@funindex choral-cautionary + +This is the same as @code{choral} but with the extra accidentals +typeset as cautionaries. + +@lilypond[quote] +musicA = { + << + \relative { + cis''8 fis, bes4 8 f bis4 | + cis2. 4 | + } + \\ + \relative { + ais'2 cis, | + fis8 b a4 cis2 | + } + >> +} + +musicB = { + \clef bass + \new Voice { + \voiceTwo \relative { + 8[ + \change Staff = up + cis' cis + \change Staff = down + ] + \showStaffSwitch + \change Staff = up + dis'4 | + \change Staff = down + 4 gis 2 | + } + } +} + +\new ChoirStaff { + << + \context Staff = "up" { + \accidentalStyle choral-cautionary + \musicA + } + \context Staff = "down" { + \musicB + } + >> +} +@end lilypond + + @item neo-modern @cindex neo-modern accidental style @@ -3064,9 +3195,7 @@ Internals Reference: @cindex note heads, easy play @funindex \easyHeadsOn -@funindex easyHeadsOn @funindex \easyHeadsOff -@funindex easyHeadsOff The @q{easy play} note head includes a note name inside the head. It is used in music for beginners. To make the letters readable, @@ -3131,15 +3260,10 @@ Internals Reference: @cindex note heads, Walker @funindex \aikenHeads -@funindex aikenHeads @funindex \sacredHarpHeads -@funindex sacredHarpHeads @funindex \southernHarmonyHeads -@funindex southernHarmonyHeads @funindex \funkHeads -@funindex funkHeads @funindex \walkerHeads -@funindex walkerHeads In shape note head notation, the shape of the note head corresponds to the harmonic function of a note in the scale. This @@ -3163,17 +3287,11 @@ Funk (Harmonica Sacra), Walker, and Aiken (Christian Harmony) styles: @end lilypond @funindex \key -@funindex key @funindex \aikenHeadsMinor -@funindex aikenHeadsMinor @funindex \sacredHarpHeadsMinor -@funindex sacredHarpHeadsMinor @funindex \southernHarmonyHeadsMinor -@funindex southernHarmonyHeadsMinor @funindex \funkHeadsMinor -@funindex funkHeadsMinor @funindex \walkerHeadsMinor -@funindex walkerHeadsMinor Shapes are typeset according to the step in the scale, where the base of the scale is determined by the @code{\key} command. When writing @@ -3243,9 +3361,7 @@ Internals Reference: @cindex note heads, slashed @funindex \improvisationOn -@funindex improvisationOn @funindex \improvisationOff -@funindex improvisationOff Improvisation is sometimes denoted with slashed note heads, where the performer may choose any pitch but should play the specified