X-Git-Url: https://git.donarmstrong.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Documentation%2Fmusic-glossary.tely;h=def4471db9cf2521500f07368b6d8dbaa876e514;hb=bef92d6520b770de640bde6125368c6f0056aed4;hp=942ea60bef2779e6dd65d3683295d31e0aab5a39;hpb=bd0a10970e04b73399d12779117088468ada6afd;p=lilypond.git diff --git a/Documentation/music-glossary.tely b/Documentation/music-glossary.tely index 942ea60bef..def4471db9 100644 --- a/Documentation/music-glossary.tely +++ b/Documentation/music-glossary.tely @@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ S: upptakt, FI: kohotahti. An anacrusis (also known as pickup or upbeat) is an incomplete measure -of music before a section of music. It also refers to the initial +of music before a section of music. It also refers to the initial note(s) of a melody occurring in that incomplete measure. @lilypond[quote,relative=1] @@ -1027,22 +1027,6 @@ A distance between a starting lower note and a higher ending note. No cross-references. -@node augmented interval -@section augmented interval - -ES: intervalo aumentado, -I: intervallo aumentato, -F: intervalle augmenté, -D: übermäßiges Intervall, -NL: overmatig interval, -DK: forstørret interval, -S: överstigande intervall, -FI: ylinouseva intervalli. - -@seealso -@ref{interval}. - - @node augmentation @section augmentation @@ -1063,6 +1047,22 @@ This is a placeholder for augmentation (wrt mensural notation). @ref{diminution}, @ref{mensural notation}. +@node augmented interval +@section augmented interval + +ES: intervalo aumentado, +I: intervallo aumentato, +F: intervalle augmenté, +D: übermäßiges Intervall, +NL: overmatig interval, +DK: forstørret interval, +S: överstigande intervall, +FI: ylinouseva intervalli. + +@seealso +@ref{interval}. + + @node autograph @section autograph @@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ FI: käsinkirjoitettu nuotti. @item Music prepared for photoreproduction by freehand drawing, with the aid of a straightedge ruler and T-square only, which attempts to -emulate engraving. This required more skill than did engraving. +emulate engraving. This required more skill than did engraving. @end itemize @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ DK: bjælke, S: balk, FI: palkki. -Line connecting a series of notes (shorter than a quarter note). The +Line connecting a series of notes (shorter than a quarter note). The number of beams determines the note value of the connected notes. @lilypond[quote,notime,relative=2,line-width=13\cm] @@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ FI: vaskisoitin. A family of blown musical instruments made of brass, all using a cup formed mouth piece. The brass instruments commonly used in a symphony -orchestra are trumpet, trombone, french horn, and tuba. In marching bands, +orchestra are trumpet, trombone, French horn, and tuba. In marching bands, sousaphones and contrabass bugles are common. @seealso @@ -1602,9 +1602,9 @@ S: ackord, FI: sointu. Three or more tones sounding simultaneously. In traditional European music -the base chord is a @emph{triad} consisting of two thirds. @emph{Major} +the base chord is a @emph{triad} consisting of two thirds. @emph{Major} (major + minor third) as well as @emph{minor} (minor + major third) chords -may be extended with more thirds. Four-tone @emph{seventh chords} and +may be extended with more thirds. Four-tone @emph{seventh chords} and five-tone @emph{ninth} major chords are most often used as dominants (functional harmony). Chords having no third above the lower notes to define their mood are a special case called @q{open chords}. The lack of @@ -1792,7 +1792,7 @@ the top line high F: Staves of five lines are usually used, and the clef superimposed on them indicates which five lines have been selected from this @notation{grand -staff}. For example, the treble or G clef indicates that the top five lines +staff}. For example, the treble or G clef indicates that the top five lines have been selected: @lilypond[quote] @@ -2387,7 +2387,7 @@ the player or singer to manage line breaks during performance, which enhances the readability of a score. Custodes were frequently used in music notation until the 16th century. -There were different appearences for different notation styles. Nowadays, +There were different appearances for different notation styles. Nowadays, they have survived only in special forms of musical notation such as the @emph{Editio Vaticana}, dating from the beginning of the 20th century @@ -2562,8 +2562,8 @@ DK: diatonisk skala, S: diatonisk skala, FI: diatoninen asteikko. -A scale consisting of 5@w{ }whole tones and 2@w{ }semitones (S). Scales -played on the white keys of a piano keybord are diatonic. These scales +A scale consisting of 5@w{ }whole tones and 2@w{ }semitones (S). Scales +played on the white keys of a piano keyboard are diatonic. These scales are sometimes called, somewhat inaccurately, @q{church modes}). These @emph{modes} are used in Gregorian chant and in pre-baroque early music @@ -4411,28 +4411,28 @@ S: ?, FI: käännös. When a chord sounds with a bass note that differs from the root of the -chord, it is said to be @emph{inverted}. The number of inversions that a +chord, it is said to be @emph{inverted}. The number of inversions that a chord can have is one fewer than the number of constituent notes. For example, triads (which have three constituent notes) can have three positions, two of which are inversions: @table @dfn @item Root position -The root note is in the bass, and above that are the third and the fifth. A +The root note is in the bass, and above that are the third and the fifth. A triad built on the first scale degree, for example, is marked @notation{I}. @item First inversion -The third is in the bass, and above it are the fifth and the root. This +The third is in the bass, and above it are the fifth and the root. This creates an interval of a sixth and a third above the bass note, and so is -marked in figured Roman notation as @notation{6/3}. This is commonly +marked in figured Roman notation as @notation{6/3}. This is commonly abbreviated to @notation{I6} (or @notation{Ib}) since the sixth is the characteristic interval of the inversion, and so always implies @notation{6/3}. @item Second inversion -The fifth is in the bass, and above it are the root and the third. This +The fifth is in the bass, and above it are the root and the third. This creates an interval of a sixth and a fourth above the bass note, and so is -marked as @notation{I6/4} or @notation{Ic}. Second inversion is the most +marked as @notation{I6/4} or @notation{Ic}. Second inversion is the most unstable chord position. @end table @@ -4534,7 +4534,7 @@ S: ?, FI: antaa väristä. [French: @q{Let vibrate}] Most frequently associated with harp -parts. Marked @notation{l.v.} in the score. +parts. Marked @notation{l.v.} in the score. @seealso No cross-references. @@ -4553,7 +4553,7 @@ S: largo, FI: largo, hitaasti, leveästi. [Italian: @q{wide}.] Very slow in tempo, usually combined with great -expressiveness. @emph{Larghetto} is less slow than largo. +expressiveness. @emph{Larghetto} is less slow than largo. @node leading note @@ -5603,7 +5603,7 @@ FI: usean tahdin mittainen tauko. Multi-measure rests are conventionally typeset with a combination of longa, breve and whole rests for shorter and a long horizontal bar for longer spans of rest, with a number above to indicate the duration (in -measures) of the rest. The former style is called @q{Kirchenpausen} in +measures) of the rest. The former style is called @q{Kirchenpausen} in German, as a reminiscence of its use in Renaissance vocal polyphony. @lilypond[quote,relative=2] @@ -6088,7 +6088,7 @@ FI: lyömäsoittimet. A family of musical instruments which are played on by striking or shaking. Percussion instruments commonly used in a symphony orchestra are kettledrums (I: @emph{timpani}, D: @emph{Pauken}), snare drum, bass drum, -tambourine, cymbals, chinese gong (tam-tam), triangle, celesta, glockenspiel, +tambourine, cymbals, Chinese gong (tam-tam), triangle, celesta, glockenspiel, and xylophone. @seealso @@ -6318,7 +6318,7 @@ of a more or less pronounced individuality. [Italian: past participle of @emph{portare}, @q{to carry}] A stroke in which each of several notes is separated slightly within a slur, -without changing the bow's direction. It is used for passages of a +without changing the bow's direction. It is used for passages of a @notation{cantabile} character. @seealso @@ -6506,7 +6506,7 @@ The quality of a triad is determined by the precise arrangement of its intervals. Tertian triads can be described as a series of three notes. The first element is the root note (or simply @q{root}) of the chord, the second note is the @q{third} of the chord, and the last note is the @q{fifth} of -the chord. These are described below: +the chord. These are described below: @multitable {Chord name} {Component intervals} {Example} {C, CM, Cma, Cmaj, CΔ} @headitem Chord name @@ -6530,9 +6530,9 @@ the chord. These are described below: There are various types of seventh chords depending on the quality of the original chord and the quality of the seventh added. -Five common types of seventh chords have standard symbols. The chord quality +Five common types of seventh chords have standard symbols. The chord quality indications are sometimes superscripted and sometimes not (e.g. Dm7, Dm^7, -and D^m7 are all identical). The last three chords are not commonly used +and D^m7 are all identical). The last three chords are not commonly used except in jazz. @seealso @@ -7206,7 +7206,7 @@ FI: sonaatti. In its present-day meaning a sonata denotes an instrumental composition for piano or for some other instrument with piano -accompaniment, which consists of three or four independant pieces, +accompaniment, which consists of three or four independent pieces, called movements. @seealso