@node Working with source code
@chapter Working with source code
-New contributors should only read @ref{Using lily-git}. Please
-ignore the rest of this chapter.
+@warning{New contributors should read @ref{Quick start}, and in
+particular @ref{lily-git}, instead of this chapter.}
-Advanced contributors will find the rest of this material quite
-useful, particularly if they are working on major new features.
+Advanced contributors will find this material quite useful,
+particularly if they are working on major new features.
@menu
-* Using lily-git::
+* Manually installing lily-git.tcl::
* Starting with Git::
* Basic Git procedures::
* Advanced Git procedures::
@end menu
-@c if you change this node name, you'll need to change the @ref in
-@c web/ and/or included/, along with all the translations.
-@node Using lily-git
-@section Using lily-git
+@node Manually installing lily-git.tcl
+@section Manually installing lily-git.tcl
-@command{lily-git.tcl} is a graphical tool to help you access and
-share changes to the lilypond source code.
+We have created an easy-to-use GUI to simplify git for new
+contributors. If you are comfortable with the command-line, then
+skip ahead to @ref{Starting with Git}.
-@menu
-* Install and configuration of lily-git.tcl::
-* Daily use of lily-git.tcl::
-@end menu
+@warning{These instructions are only for people who are @emph{not}
+using @ref{LilyDev}.}
-@node Install and configuration of lily-git.tcl
-@unnumberedsubsec Install and configuration of @command{lily-git.tcl}
+@c there's some duplication in this section with stuff covered in
+@c Quick Start, but moving it into a macro inside included/ would
+@c be getting a bit icky. -gp
@enumerate
@item
@itemize
-@item
-Lilybuntu users: git has already been installed for you.
-
@item Windows users: download the @code{.exe} file labeled
@qq{Full installer for official Git} from:
@c don't change the cgit link below to gitweb; gitweb uses
@c long filenames like "scripts_auxiliar_lily-git.tcl"
-@example
+@smallexample
@uref{http://git.sv.gnu.org/cgit/lilypond.git/plain/scripts/auxiliar/lily-git.tcl}
-@end example
+@end smallexample
@item
To run the program from the command line, navigate to the
This will create a directory called @file{lilypond-git/} within
your home directory, and will download the source code into that
-directory (around 55Mb). When the process is finished, the
+directory (around 150@tie{}Mb). When the process is finished, the
@qq{Command output} window will display @qq{Done}, and the button
label will change to say @qq{Update source}.
@item
Navigate to the @file{lilypond-git/} directory to view the source
-files. You should now be able to modify the source files using
-your normal text editor.
+files.
@end enumerate
-@quotation
-Advanced note: The @qq{Get source} button does not fetch the
-entire history of the git repository, so utilities like
-@command{gitk} will only be able to display the most recent
-additions. As you continue to work with @command{lily-git.tcl}, the
-@qq{Update source} button will take any new additions and add it
-to whatever is currently in your repository's history.
-@end quotation
-
-
-@node Daily use of lily-git.tcl
-@unnumberedsubsec Daily use of @command{lily-git.tcl}
-
-@warning{Only work on one set of changes at once. Do not start
-work on any new changes until your first set has been accepted.}
-
-@subsubheading 1. Update source
-
-At the beginning of each session of lilypond work, you should
-click the @qq{Update source} button to get the latest changes to
-the source code.
-
-@warning{In some rare and unfortunate circumstances, this will
-result in a @emph{merge conflict}. If this occurs, follow the
-instructions for @qq{Abort changes}, below. Your work will not be
-lost.}
-
-
-@subsubheading 2a. New local commit
-
-A single commit typically represents one logical set of related
-changes (such as a bug-fix), and may incorporate changes to
-multiple files at the same time.
-
-When you're finished making the changes for a commit, click the
-@qq{New local commit} button. This will open the @qq{Git Commit
-Message} window. The message header is required, and the message
-body is optional.
-
-After entering a commit message, click @qq{OK} to finalize the
-commit.
-
-@quotation
-Advanced note: For more information regarding commits and commit
-messages, see @ref{Commits and patches}.
-@end quotation
+@warning{Throughout the rest of this manual, most command-line
+input should be entered from @file{~/lilypond-git/}. This is
+referred to as the @emph{top source directory}.}
-
-@subsubheading 2b. Amend previous commit
-
-You can go back and make changes to the most recent commit with
-the @qq{Amend previous commit} button. This is useful if a
-mistake is found after you have clicked the @qq{New local commit}
-button.
-
-To amend the most recent commit, re-edit the source files as
-needed and then click the @qq{Amend previous commit} button. The
-earlier version of the commit is not saved, but is replaced by the
-new one.
-
-@warning{This does not update the patch @strong{files}; if you
-have a patch file from an earlier version of the commit, you will
-need to make another patch set when using this feature. The old
-patch file will not be saved, but will be replaced by the new one
-after you click on @qq{Make patch set}.}
-
-
-@subsubheading 3. Make patch set
-
-Before making a patch set from any commits, you should click the
-@qq{Update source} button to make sure the commits are based on
-the most recent remote snapshot.
-
-When you click the @qq{Make patch set} button,
-@command{lily-git.tcl} will produce patch files for any new
-commits, saving them to the current directory. The command output
-will display the name of the new patch files near the end of the
-output:
-
-@example
-0001-CG-add-lily-git-instructions.patch
-Done.
-@end example
-
-Send patch files to the appropriate place:
-
-@itemize
-@item
-If you have a mentor, send it to them via email.
-
-@item
-New contributors should send the patch attached to an email to
-@email{frogs@@lilynet.net}. Please add @qq{[PATCH]} to the
-subject line.
-
-@item
-Translators should send patches to
-@email{translations@@lilynet.net}.
-
-@item
-More experienced contributors should upload the patch for
-web-based review. This requires additional software and use of
-the command-line; see @ref{Uploading a patch for review}.
-
-@end itemize
-
-
-@subsubheading The @qq{Abort changes -- Reset to origin} button
-
-@warning{Only use this if your local commit history gets
-hopelessly confused!}
-
-The button labeled @qq{Abort changes -- Reset to origin} will copy
-all changed files to a subdirectory of @file{lilypond-git/} named
-@file{aborted_edits/}, and will reset the repository to the
-current state of the remote repository (at @code{git.sv.gnu.org}).
+Further instructions are in @ref{How to use lily-git}.
@node Starting with Git
@section Starting with Git
-
Using the Git program directly (as opposed to using the
@command{lily-git.tcl} GUI) allows you to have much greater control
over the contributing process. You should consider using Git if
@menu
* Setting up::
+* Git for the impatient::
+* Other repositories::
* Downloading remote branches::
@end menu
@node Setting up
@subsection Setting up
-
-TODO: Remove this note if incorporating Windows instructions
-throughout this section:
-
@warning{These instructions assume that you are using the
command-line version of Git 1.5 or higher. Windows users should
skip to @ref{Git on Windows}.}
@node Installing Git
@unnumberedsubsubsec Installing Git
-
If you are using a Unix-based machine, the easiest way to download
and install Git is through a package manager such as @command{rpm}
-or @command{apt-get}---the installation is generally automatic.
+or @command{apt-get} -- the installation is generally automatic.
The only required package is (usually) called @command{git-core},
although some of the auxiliary @command{git@var{*}} packages are
also useful (such as @command{gitk}).
(@uref{http://git-scm.com/}) for downloadable binaries and
tarballs.
-TODO: add Windows installation instructions (or @@ref@{Git on
-Windows@}).
-
@node Initializing a repository
@unnumberedsubsubsec Initializing a repository
-
-Once Git is installed, you'll need to create a new directory where
-your initial repository will be stored (the example below uses
-@file{~/lilypond-git/}, where @code{~} represents your home
-directory). Run @command{git@tie{}init} from within the new
-directory to initialize an empty repository:
+Once Git is installed, get a copy of the source code:
@example
-mkdir ~/lilypond-git/; cd ~/lilypond-git/
-git init
+git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/lilypond.git ~/lilypond-git
@end example
+The above command will put the it in @file{~/lilypond-git}, where
+@code{~} represents your home directory.
+
@subsubheading Technical details
This creates (within the @file{~/lilypond-git/} directory) a
@warning{Throughout the rest of this manual, all command-line
input should be entered from the top directory of the Git
repository being discussed (eg. @file{~/lilypond-git/}). This is
-referred to as a @emph{top source directory}.}
+referred to as the @emph{top source directory}.}
-Before downloading a copy of the main LilyPond repository, you
+Before working with the copy of the main LilyPond repository, you
should configure some basic settings with the
@command{git@tie{}config} command. Git allows you to set both
global and repository-specific options.
To configure settings that affect all repositories, use the
-@command{--global} command line option. For example, the first
+@option{--global} command line option. For example, the first
two options that you should always set are your @var{name} and
@var{email}, since Git needs these to keep track of commit
authors:
git config --global core.editor @var{nano}
@end example
-TODO: Add instructions for changing the editor on Windows, which
-is a little different, I think. -mp
+Finally, and in some ways most importantly, let's make sure that
+we know what branch we're on. If you're not using LilyDev, add
+this to your @file{~/.bashrc}:
+
+@verbatim
+export PS1="\u@\h \w\$(__git_ps1)$ "
+@end verbatim
+
+If you are not using LilyDev, you may need to install the
+additional @code{git-completion} package, but it is definitely
+worth it.
+
@subsubheading Technical details
@end example
Using the @command{git@tie{}config} command @emph{without} the
-@command{--global} option configures repository-specific settings,
+@option{--global} option configures repository-specific settings,
which are stored in the file @file{.git/config}. This file is
created when a repository is initialized (using
@command{git@tie{}init}), and by default contains these lines:
in this manual.
+@node Git for the impatient
+@subsection Git for the impatient
+
+@advanced{The intent of this subsection is to get you working on lilypond as
+soon as possible. If you want to learn about git, go read
+@ref{Other Git documentation}.
+@*
+Also, these instructions are designed to eliminate the most common
+problems we have found in using git. If you already know git and
+have a different way of working, great! Feel free to ignore the
+advice in this subsection.}
+
+
+Ok, so you've been using @command{lily-git.tcl} for a while, but
+it's time to take the next step. Since our review process delays
+patches by 60-120 hours, and you want to be able to work on other
+stuff while your previous work is getting reviewed, you're going
+to use @strong{branches}.
+
+You can think of a branch as being a separate copy of the source
+code. But don't worry about it.
+
+@subsubheading Start work: make a new branch
+
+Let's pretend you want to add a section to the Contributor's Guide
+about using branches.
+
+Start by updating the repository, then making a new branch. Call
+the branch anything you want as long as the name starts with
+@code{dev/}. Branch names that don't begin with @code{dev/} are
+reserved for special things in lilypond.
+
+@example
+git checkout master
+git pull -r origin master
+git branch dev/cg
+@end example
+
+@subsubheading Switch to that branch
+
+Nothing has happened to the files yet. Let's change into the new
+branch. You can think of this as @qq{loading a file}, although in
+this case it's really @qq{loading a directory and subdirectories
+full of files}.
+
+@example
+git checkout dev/cg
+@end example
+
+Your prompt now shows you that you're on the other branch:
+
+@example
+gperciva@@LilyDev:~/lilypond-git (dev/cg)$
+@end example
+
+To be able to manage multiple lilypond issues at once, you'll need to switch
+branches. You should have each lilypond issue on a separate branch.
+Switching branches is easy:
+
+@example
+git checkout master
+git checkout origin/staging
+git checkout origin/release/unstable
+git checkout dev/cg
+@end example
+
+Branches that begin with @code{origin/} are part of the remote repository,
+rather than your local repository, so when you check them out you get a
+temporary local branch. You should never make changes directly on a
+branch beginning with @code{origin/}. You get changes into the remote
+repository by making them in local branches, and then pushing them to
+@code{origin/staging} as described below.
+
+@subsubheading Make your changes
+
+Edit files, then commit them.
+
+@example
+git commit -a
+@end example
+
+
+Remember how I said that switching to a branch was like
+@qq{loading a directory}? Well, you've just @qq{saved a
+directory}, so that you can @qq{load} it later.
+
+@advanced{If you have used @command{cvs} or @command{svn}, you may
+be very confused: those programs use @qq{commit} to mean
+@qq{upload my changes to the shared source repository}.
+Unfortunately, just to be different, @w{@command{git commit}}
+means @qq{save my changes to the files}.}
+
+When you create a new file, you need to add it to git, then commit it:
+
+@example
+git add input/regression/avoid-crash-on-condition.ly
+git commit -a
+@end example
+
+
+Edit more files. Commit them again. Edit yet more files, commit
+them again. Go eat dinner. Switch to @code{master} so you can
+play with the latest changes from other developers. Switch back
+to your branch and edit some more. Commit those changes.
+
+At this stage, don't worry about how many commits you have.
+
+
+@subsubheading Save commits to external files
+
+Branches are nerve-wracking until you get used to them. You can
+save your hard work as individual @file{.patch} files. Be sure to
+commit your changes first.
+
+@example
+git commit -a
+git format-patch master
+@end example
+
+I personally have between 4 and 20 of those files saved in a
+special folder at any point in time. Git experts might laugh as
+that behavior, but I feel a @emph{lot} better knowing that I've
+got those backups.
+
+
+@subsubheading Prepare your branch for review
+
+After committing, you can update your branch with the latest master:
+
+@example
+git commit -a
+git checkout master
+git pull -r origin master
+git checkout dev/cg
+git rebase master
+@end example
+
+
+Due to the speed of lilypond development, sometimes
+@code{master} has changed so much that your branch can no
+longer be applied to it. In that happens, you will have a merge
+conflict. Stop for a moment to either cry or have a stiff drink,
+then proceed to @ref{Merge conflicts}.
+
+
+@subsubheading Upload your branch
+
+Finally, you're finished your changes. Time to upload for review.
+Make sure that you're on your branch, then upload:
+
+@example
+git checkout dev/cg
+git-cl upload master
+@end example
+
+
+@subsubheading Wait for reviews
+
+While you're waiting for a countdown and reviews, go back to
+master, make a @code{dev/doc-beams} branch, and start adding doc
+suggestions from issue 12345 from the tracker. Or make a
+@code{dev/page-breaks} and fix bug in page breaking. Or whatever.
+Don't worry, your @code{dev/cg} is safe.
+
+
+@subsubheading Combining commits (optional unless you have broken commits)
+
+Does the history of your branch look good?
+
+@example
+gitk
+@end example
+
+If you have a lot of commits on your branch, you might want to
+combine some of them. Alternately, you may like your commits, but
+want to edit the commit messages.
+
+@example
+git rebase -i master
+@end example
+
+Follow instructions on the screen.
+
+@warning{This step gives you the power to completely lose your
+work. Make a backup of your commits by saving them to
+@file{.patch} files before playing with this. If you do lose
+your work, don't despair. You can get it back by using @code{git reflog}.
+The use of @code{git reflog} is not covered here.}
+
+@warning{If any of the commits on your branch represent partial work that will
+not pass @var{make && make doc}, you @strong{must} squash these
+commits into a working commit. Otherwise, your push will break staging
+and will not be able to be merged to master. In general, you will
+be safer to have one commit per push.}
+
+
+@subsubheading Push to staging
+
+When you've got the coveted @code{Patch-push} status, time to
+prepare your upload:
+
+@example
+git fetch
+git rebase origin/staging dev/cg~0
+gitk HEAD
+@end example
+
+@warning{Do not skip the @command{gitk} step; a quick 5-second
+check of the visual history can save a great deal of frustration
+later on. You should see a set of your commits that are ahead of
+@code{origin/staging}, with no label for the top commit -- only a
+SHA1 id.}
+
+@warning{If @code{origin/staging} and @code{origin/master} are the
+same commit, your branch (@code{dev/cg} in the example) will also
+be at the top of the @code{gitk} tree. This is normal.}
+
+If everything looks good, push it:
+
+@example
+git push origin HEAD:staging
+@end example
+
+Then change back to your working branch:
+
+@example
+git checkout dev/cg
+@end example
+
+@warning{It is a best practice to avoid rebasing any of your branches
+to @code{origin/staging}. If @code{origin/staging} is broken, it
+will be deleted and rebuilt. If you have rebased one of your branches
+to @code{origin/staging}, the broken commits can end up in your branch.
+The commands given above do the rebase on a temporary branch, and avoid
+changing your working branch.}
+
+
+@subsubheading Delete your branch (safe)
+
+After a few hours, if there's nothing wrong with your branch, it
+should be automatically moved to @code{origin/master}. Update,
+then try removing your branch:
+
+@example
+git checkout master
+git pull -r origin master
+git branch -d dev/cg
+@end example
+
+The last command will fail if the contents of @code{dev/cg} are
+not present in @code{origin/master}.
+
+
+@subsubheading Delete your branch (UNSAFE)
+
+@c don't give explicit commands here -- this is too dangerous to copy and paste
+Sometimes everything goes wrong. If you want to remove a branch even though
+it will cause your work to be lost (that is, if the contents of @code{dev/cg}
+are @strong{not} present in master), follow the instructions in @qq{Delete
+your branch (safe)}, but replace the @code{-d} on the final line with
+a @code{-D}.
+
+
+@node Other repositories
+@subsection Other repositories
+
+We have a few other code repositories.
+
+@menu
+* lilypond-extra::
+* Grand Unified Builder (GUB)::
+* lilypad::
+* yet more repositories::
+@end menu
+
+@node lilypond-extra
+@unnumberedsubsubsec lilypond-extra
+
+There is a separate repository for general administrative scripts,
+as well as pictures and media files for the website. People
+interested in working on the website should download this
+repository, and set their @code{$LILYPOND_WEB_MEDIA_GIT}
+environment variable to point to that repository.
+
+@example
+@uref{https://github.com/gperciva/lilypond-extra}
+@end example
+
+To configure an environment variable in bash (the default for most
+Linux distributions),
+
+@example
+export LILYPOND_WEB_MEDIA_GIT=$HOME/dir/of/lilypond-extra/
+@end example
+
+@node Grand Unified Builder (GUB)
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Grand Unified Builder (GUB)
+
+Another item of interest might be the Grand Unified Builder, our
+cross-platform building tool. Since it is used by projects as
+well, it is not stored in our gub repository. For more info, see
+@uref{http://lilypond.org/gub}.
+
+There are two locations for this repository, which will hopefully
+be kept up-to-date with each other:
+
+@example
+@uref{http://github.com/janneke/gub}
+@uref{http://github.com/gperciva/gub}
+@end example
+
+
+@node lilypad
+@unnumberedsubsubsec lilypad
+
+Our binary releases on MacOS X and Windows contain a lightweight
+text editor. This code is here:
+
+@example
+https://github.com/gperciva/lilypad
+@end example
+
+
+@node yet more repositories
+@unnumberedsubsubsec yet more repositories
+
+There are a few other repositories floating around, which will
+hopefully be documented in the near future.
+
+
@node Downloading remote branches
@subsection Downloading remote branches
+@warning{contains obsolete + misleading info}
@menu
* Organization of remote branches::
and the website. Generally, the @code{master} branch is expected
to compile successfully.
-The @code{lilypond/translation} branch is a side branch that
+The @code{translation} branch is a side branch that
allows translators to work without needing to worry about
compilation problems. Periodically, the Translation Meister
(after verifying that it doesn't break compilation), will
-@emph{merge} this branch back into @code{master} to incorporate
+@emph{merge} this branch into @code{staging} to incorporate
recent translations. Similarly, the @code{master} branch is
-usually merged into the @code{lilypond/translation} branch after
+usually merged into the @code{translation} branch after
significant changes to the English documentation. See
@ref{Translating the documentation} for details.
@node Downloading individual branches
@unnumberedsubsubsec Downloading individual branches
+@warning{obsolete, should be deleted!}
+
Once you have initialized an empty Git repository on your system
(see @ref{Initializing a repository}), you can download a remote
origin git://git.sv.gnu.org/lilypond.git/
@end example
-To download the @code{lilypond/translation} branch, enter:
+To download the @code{translation} branch, enter:
@example
-git remote add -ft lilypond/translation -m \
- lilypond/translation origin git://git.sv.gnu.org/lilypond.git/
+git remote add -ft translation -m \
+ translation origin git://git.sv.gnu.org/lilypond.git/
@end example
The @command{git@tie{}remote@tie{}add} process could take up to
@noindent
where @code{@var{branch}} is the name of your tracking branch,
-either @code{master} or @code{lilypond/translation}.
+either @code{master} or @code{translation}.
Git will issue some warnings; this is normal:
@item @code{stable/XYZ}:
The branches are kept for archival reasons.
-@end itemize
+@item @code{archive/XYZ}:
+The branches are kept for archival reasons.
-Another item of interest might be the Grand Unified Builder, our
-cross-platform building tool. Since it is used by projects as
-well, it is not stored in our gub repository. For more info, see
-@uref{http://lilypond.org/gub}. The git location is
-@uref{http://github.com/janneke/gub}.
+@end itemize
@node Basic Git procedures
@end example
If you're tracking the remote @code{master} branch, you should add
-the @code{-r} option (short for @code{--rebase}) to keep commits
+the @option{-r} option (short for @option{--rebase}) to keep commits
on your local branch current:
@example
@end example
If you don't edit translated documentation and don't want to type
-@code{-r} every time, configure the master branch to rebase by
+@option{-r} every time, configure the master branch to rebase by
default with this command:
@example
you have not yet pushed to @code{git.sv.gnu.org}, please do not
rebase. If you want to avoid wondering whether you should rebase
each time you pull, please always use committishes from master
-and/or lilypond/translation branch on @code{git.sv.gnu.org}, which
+and/or translation branch on @code{git.sv.gnu.org}, which
in particular implies that you must push your changes to
documentation except committishes updates (possibly after having
rebased), then update the committishes and push them.}
@end example
Git will ask you for confirmation if it sees that data would be
-lost by deleting the branch. Use @code{-D} instead of @code{-d}
+lost by deleting the branch. Use @option{-D} instead of @option{-d}
to bypass this. Note that you cannot delete a branch if it is
currently checked out.
If any conflict happens, see @ref{Resolving conflicts}.
-There are common usage cases for merging: as a translator, you
-will often want to merge @code{master} into
-@code{lilypond/translation}; on the other hand, the Translations
-meister wants to merge @code{lilypond/translation} into
-@code{master} whenever he has checked that
-@code{lilypond/translation} builds successfully.
+There are common usage cases for merging: as a translator, you will
+often want the Translations meister to merge @code{master} into
+@code{translation}; on the other hand, the Translations meister wants
+to merge @code{translation} into @code{staging} whenever he has
+checked that @code{translation} builds successfully.
@node Commits and patches
@end example
@noindent
-The @code{-a} is short for @code{--all} which includes modified
+The @option{-a} is short for @option{--all} which includes modified
and deleted files, but only those newly created files that have
previously been added.
alternate method here.
You should always run @command{git@tie{}pull@tie{}-r} (translators
-should leave off the @code{-r}) before doing this to ensure that
+should leave off the @option{-r}) before doing this to ensure that
your patches are as current as possible.
Once you have made one or more commits in your local repository,
@uref{http://codereview.appspot.com/}
@end example
-@subsubheading Initial setup
+@subsubheading @command{git-cl} install
+
+LilyDev users should skip over these @q{install} instructions.
@enumerate
@item
-You must have a gmail account.
+Install @command{git-cl} by entering:
+
+@example
+git clone https://github.com/gperciva/git-cl.git
+@end example
+
+If that command fails for some reason, try this instead:
+
+@example
+git clone git://github.com/gperciva/git-cl.git
+@end example
@item
-Install @command{git-cl} by entering:
+Add the @file{git-cl/} directory to your PATH,
+or create a symbolic link to the @command{git-cl}
+and @command{upload.py} scripts in one of your PATH
+directories (such as @file{$HOME/bin}).
+
+In Ubuntu (and LilyDev), you can add directories to PATH
+by adding this line to a hidden file @file{.bashrc},
+located in your home directory:
@example
-git clone git://neugierig.org/git-cl.git
+PATH=~/type-here-directory-containing-git-cl:"$@{PATH@}"
@end example
+@end enumerate
+
+@subsubheading @command{git-cl} configuration
+
+LilyDev users should perform these @q{configuration} instructions.
+
+@enumerate
@item
-Add the @file{git-cl/} directory to your PATH, or create a
-symbolic link to the @command{git-cl} and @command{upload.py}
-scripts in one of your PATH directories (such as
-@file{$HOME/bin}).
+You must have a google account; please create one if you do not
+have one already.
+Note that a google account does not need to be a gmail account; you can
+use any email address for your google account when you sign up.
@item
-Move into the top source directory and then configure
-@command{git cl}. If you do not understand any question, just
-answer with a newline (CR).
+Move into the top source directory and then configure @command{git
+cl} with the following commands. If you do not understand any
+question, just answer with a newline (CR).
@example
cd $HOME/lilypond-git/
git cl config
@end example
+The @qq{CC list} question should be answered with:
+
+@example
+lilypond-devel@@gnu.org
+@end example
+
@end enumerate
@subsubheading Uploading patch set
git cl upload origin/master
@end example
+@c Mention staging here?
If you have git push ability, make sure that you @emph{remove}
your patch (with @command{git rebase} or @command{git reset})
before pushing other stuff.
+@c don't make this one an @example; we don't want to make it easy
+@c for people to use this accidently
+Notifications of patches are automatically added to our issue
+tracker to reduce the chance of patches getting lost. To suppress
+this (not recommended), add the @code{-n / --no-code-issue}
+option.
+
@item
@strong{Separate branch}: (complicated option)
@end itemize
After prompting for your Google email address and password, the
-patch set will be posted to Rietveld.
+patch set will be posted to Rietveld, and you will be given a URL
+for your patch.
+
+@warning{Some installations of git-cl fail when uploading a patch
+with certain filename extensions. If this happens, it can
+generally be fixed by editing the list of exceptions at top of
+@file{git-cl.py}.}
@subsubheading Announcing your patch set
-You should then announce the patch by sending an email to
-@code{lilypond-devel}, with a subject line starting with PATCH:,
-asking for comments on the patch. Alternately, you may Publish +
-Mail a (bogus) comment, in order to send an email to
-lilypond-devel.
+You should then announce the patch by logging into the code review
+issue webpage and using @qq{Publish + Mail Comments} to add a
+(mostly bogus) comment to your issue. The text of your comment
+will be sent to our developer mailing list.
+
+@warning{There is no automatic notification of a new patch; you
+must add a comment yourself.}
@subsubheading Revisions
git cl issue 0
@end example
+@subsubheading Wait for a countdown
+
+Your patch will be available for reviews for the next few hours or
+days. Three times a week, patches with no known problems are
+gathered into a @qq{patch countdown} and their status changed to
+@code{patch-countdown}. The countdown is a 48-hour waiting period
+in which any final reviews or complaints should be made.
+
+During the countdown, your patch may be set to
+@code{patch-needs_work}, indicating that you should fix something
+(or at least discuss why the patch needs no modification). If no
+problems are found, the patch will be set to @code{patch-push}.
+
+Once a patch has @code{patch-push}, it should be sent to your
+mentor for uploading. If you have git push ability, look at
+@ref{Pushing to staging}.
+
@node Advanced Git procedures
@section Advanced Git procedures
It is possible to work with several branches on the same local Git
repository; this is especially useful for translators who may have
-to deal with both @code{lilypond/translation} and a stable branch,
+to deal with both @code{translation} and a stable branch,
e.g. @code{stable/2.12}.
Some Git commands are introduced first, then a workflow with
@menu
+* Merge conflicts::
* Advanced Git concepts::
* Resolving conflicts::
* Reverting all local changes::
* Git log::
* Applying remote patches::
* Sending and receiving patches via email::
+* Cleaning up multiple patches::
* Commit access::
+* Pushing to staging::
@end menu
+@node Merge conflicts
+@subsection Merge conflicts
+
+To be filled in later, and/or moved to a different section. I
+just wanted to make sure that I had a stub ready somewhere.
+
+
@node Advanced Git concepts
@subsection Advanced Git concepts
@noindent
where @code{@var{branch}} is typically @code{master} or
-@code{lilypond/translation}; if you do not know or remember, see
+@code{translation}; if you do not know or remember, see
@ref{Downloading remote branches} to remember which commands you
issued or which source code you wanted to get.
Sometimes git will become hopelessly confused, and you just want
to get back to a known, stable state. This command destroys any
-local changes you have made, but at least you get back to the
-current online version:
+local changes you have made in the currently checked-out branch,
+but at least you get back to the current online version:
@example
git reset --hard origin/master
@subsubheading Local clones, or having several working trees
If you play with several Git branches, e.g. @code{master},
-@code{lilypond/translation}, @code{stable/2.12}), you may want to
+@code{translation}, @code{stable/2.12}), you may want to
have one source and build tree for each branch; this is possible
with subdirectories of your local Git repository, used as local
cloned subrepositories. To create a local clone for the branch
Patches created without @code{git@tie{}format-patch} can be
applied in two steps. The first step is to apply the patch to the
-working tree:
+working tree and the index:
@example
-git apply @var{patch}
+git apply --index @var{patch}
@end example
@noindent
author of the patch. This can be done with the following command:
@example
-git commit -a --author="@var{John Smith} <@var{john@@example.com}>"
+git commit --author="@var{John Smith} <@var{john@@example.com}>"
@end example
+Please note that using the @code{--index} option for patching is quite
+important here and @emph{cannot} reliably be replaced by using the
+@code{-a} option when committing: that would only commit files from the
+working tree that are already registered with git, so every file that
+the patch actually @emph{adds}, like a regtest for a fixed bug, would
+get lost. For the same reason, you should not use the git-independent
+@samp{patch} program for applying patches.
@node Sending and receiving patches via email
@subsection Sending and receiving patches via email
@uref{http://wiki.winehq.org/GitWine}.
+@node Cleaning up multiple patches
+@subsection Cleaning up multiple patches
+
+If you have been developing on your own branch for a while, you
+may have more commmits than is really sensible. To revise your
+work and condense commits, use:
+
+@example
+git rebase origin/master
+git rebase -i origin/master
+@end example
+
+@warning{Be a bit cautious -- if you completely remove commits
+during the interactive session, you will... err... completely
+remove those commits.}
+
+
@node Commit access
@subsection Commit access
-
Most contributors are not able to commit patches directly to the
main repository---only members of the LilyPond development team
have @emph{commit access}. If you are a contributor and are
certificate in your browser, given at
@uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/tls/tutorial/}.
+@warning{Savannah will silently put your username in lower-case --
+do not try to use capital letters.}
+
@item
After registering, if you are not logged in automatically, login
@item
-Generate an SSH @q{dsa} key pair. Enter the following at the
+Generate an SSH @q{rsa} key pair. Enter the following at the
command prompt:
@example
-ssh-keygen -t dsa
+ssh-keygen -t rsa
@end example
When prompted for a location to save the key, press <ENTER> to
-accept the default location (@file{~/.ssh/id_dsa}).
+accept the default location (@file{~/.ssh/id_rsa}).
Next you are asked to enter an optional passphrase. On most
systems, if you use a passphrase, you will likely be prompted for
You can change/enable/disable your passphrase at any time with:
@example
-ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa -p
+ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -p
@end example
Note that the GNOME desktop has a feature which stores your
@end example
After setting up your passphrase, your private key is saved as
-@file{~/.ssh/id_dsa} and your public key is saved as
-@file{~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub}.
+@file{~/.ssh/id_rsa} and your public key is saved as
+@file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}.
@item
-Register your public SSH @q{dsa} key with Savannah. From the
+Register your public SSH @q{rsa} key with Savannah. From the
@qq{My Account Configuration} page, click on @qq{Edit SSH Keys},
-then paste the contents of your @file{~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub} file into
+then paste the contents of your @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub} file into
one of the @qq{Authorized keys} text fields, and click
@qq{Update}.
@end example
@noindent
-where @var{user} is your username on Savannah.
+replacing @var{user} with your Savannah username.
@item
will include a @q{From} line that shows @q{ssh} as the protocol:
@example
-From ssh://@var{user}@@git.sv.gnu.org/srv/git/lilypond
+From ssh://git.sv.gnu.org/srv/git/lilypond
@end example
If the protocol shown is not @q{ssh}, check that you configured
@item
Test your commit access with a dry run:
+@warning{Do not push directly to master; instead, push to staging.
+See @ref{Pushing to staging}.}
+
@example
git push --dry-run --verbose
@end example
@noindent
Then @code{git@tie{}push} should work as before. For more
details, consult the @code{git@tie{}push} man page.
-@end enumerate
+@item
+Repeat the steps from generating an RSA key through to testing
+your commit access, for each machine from which you will be
+making commits, or you may simply copy the files from your
+local @file{~/.ssh} folder to the same folder on the other
+machine.
+
+@end enumerate
+
@subsubheading Technical details
@itemize
over ATM. If this problem is encountered a possible work-around is
to set the MTU in the local router to 1500.
+
+@node Pushing to staging
+@subsection Pushing to staging
+
+Do not push directly to the git @code{master} branch. Instead,
+push to @code{staging}.
+
+You will not see your patch on @code{origin/master} until some
+automatic tests have been run. These tests are run every couple
+of hours; please wait at least 12 hours before wondering if your
+patch has been lost. Note that you can check the commits on
+@code{origin/staging} by looking at the git web interface on
+savannah.
+
+@subsubheading If your work is in a patch file
+
+Assuming that your patch is in a file called
+@file{0001-my-patch.patch}, and you are currently on git master,
+do:
+
+@example
+git checkout staging
+git pull -r
+git am 0001-my-patch.patch
+gitk
+git push origin staging
+git checkout master
+@end example
+
+@warning{Do not skip the @command{gitk} step; a quick 5-second
+check of the visual history can save a great deal of frustration
+later on. You should only see that @command{staging} is only 1
+commit ahead of @code{origin/staging}.}
+
+@subsubheading If your work is in a branch
+
+If you are working on branches and your work in is
+@code{my_branch_name}, then do:
+
+@example
+git checkout staging
+git pull -r
+git merge my_branch_name
+gitk
+git push origin staging
+@end example
+
+@warning{Do not skip the @command{gitk} step; a quick 5-second
+check of the visual history can save a great deal of frustration
+later on. You should see that @code{staging} is only ahead of
+@code{origin/staging} by the commits from your branch.}
+
+
+
@node Git on Windows
@section Git on Windows
+@warning{We heavily recommend that development be done with our
+virtual machine @ref{LilyDev}.}
+
@c Some of this may duplicate stuff in other sections
@c But it is probably best for windows users to have it all together
@c If necessary, clear this up later -td
@item
Book about git: @uref{http://progit.org/,Pro Git}
+
+@item
+Github help: @uref{http://help.github.com/}
+(very highly recommended by Graham)
+
@end itemize