@node Refman appendix
@appendix Refman appendix

@menu
* Lyrics mode definition::      
* American Chords ::            
* Jazz chords::                 
* MIDI instruments::            
@end menu

@node Lyrics mode definition
@section Lyrics mode definition

A word in Lyrics mode begins with: an alphabetic character, @code{_},
@code{?}, @code{!}, @code{:}, @code{'}, the control characters @code{^A}
through @code{^F}, @code{^Q} through @code{^W}, @code{^Y}, @code{^^},
any 8-bit character with ASCII code over 127, or a two-character
combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
@code{"}, or @code{^}.

Subsequent characters of a word can be any character that is not a digit
and not white space.  One important consequence of this is that a word
can end with `@code{@}}', which may be confusing. However, LilyPond will
issue a warning.  Any @code{_} character which appears in an unquoted
word is converted to a space.  This provides a mechanism for introducing
spaces into words without using quotes.  Quoted words can also be used
in Lyrics mode to specify words that cannot be written with the above
rules.


@node American Chords 
@section American Chords


@quotation
@lilypond[verbatim]
\include "english.ly"

scheme = \chords {
  c         % Major triad
  cs:m      % Minor triad
  df:m5-    % Diminished triad
  c:5^3     % Root-fifth chord
  c:4^3     % Suspended fourth triad
  c:5+      % Augmented triad
  c:2^3     % "2" chord
  c:m5-.7-  % Diminished seventh
  c:7+      % Major seventh
  c:7.4^3   % Dominant seventh suspended fourth
  c:5+.7    % Augmented dominant seventh
  c:m5-.7   % "Half" diminished seventh
  c:5-.7    % Dominant seventh flat fifth
  c:5-.7+   % Major seventh flat fifth
  c:m7+     % Minor-major seventh
  c:m7      % Minor seventh
  c:7       % Dominant seventh
  c:6       % Major sixth
  c:m6      % Minor sixth
  c:9^7     % Major triad w/added ninth
  c:6.9^7   % Six/Nine chord
  c:9       % Dominant ninth 
  c:7+.9    % Major ninth
  c:m7.9    % Minor ninth
}

\score {
  \notes <
    \context ChordNames \scheme
    \context Staff \transpose c'' \scheme
  >
  \paper {
    \translator { 
      \ChordNamesContext
      ChordName \override #'word-space = #1 
      ChordName \override #'style = #'american
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond
@end quotation

@node Jazz chords
@section Jazz chords

Similarly, Jazz style chord names are implemented as a variation on
American style names:
@quotation
@lilypond[verbatim]
scheme = \chords {
  % major chords
  c
  c:6		% 6 = major triad with added sixth
  c:maj		% triangle = maj
  c:6.9^7	% 6/9 
  c:9^7		% add9

  % minor chords
  c:m		% m = minor triad
  c:m.6		% m6 = minor triad with added sixth
  c:m.7+	% m triangle = minor major seventh chord
  c:3-.6.9^7	% m6/9 
  c:m.7		% m7
  c:3-.9	% m9
  c:3-.9^7	% madd9

  % dominant chords
  c:7		% 7 = dominant
  c:7.5+	% +7 = augmented dominant
  c:7.5-	% 7b5 = hard diminished dominant
  c:9		% 7(9)
  c:9-		% 7(b9)
  c:9+		% 7(#9)
  c:13^9.11 	% 7(13)
  c:13-^9.11 	% 7(b13)
  c:13^11	% 7(9,13)
  c:13.9-^11	% 7(b9,13)
  c:13.9+^11	% 7(#9,13)
  c:13-^11	% 7(9,b13)
  c:13-.9-^11	% 7(b9,b13)
  c:13-.9+^11	% 7(#9,b13)

  % half diminished chords
  c:m5-.7		% slashed o = m7b5
  c:9.3-.5-	% o/7(pure 9)

  % diminished chords
  c:m5-.7-	% o = diminished seventh chord
}

\score {
  \notes <
    \context ChordNames \scheme
    \context Staff \transpose c'' \scheme
  >
  \paper {
    \translator { 
      \ChordNamesContext
      ChordName \override #'word-space = #1 
      ChordName \override #'style = #'jazz
    }
  }
}
@end lilypond
@end quotation


[barnumbers look silly, fixme.]



@node MIDI instruments
@section MIDI instruments

[todo: make nicely formatted table]

@example 
"acoustic grand"            "contrabass"           "lead 7 (fifths)"
"bright acoustic"           "tremolo strings"      "lead 8 (bass+lead)"
"electric grand"            "pizzicato strings"    "pad 1 (new age)"
"honky-tonk"                "orchestral strings"   "pad 2 (warm)"
"electric piano 1"          "timpani"              "pad 3 (polysynth)"
"electric piano 2"          "string ensemble 1"    "pad 4 (choir)"
"harpsichord"               "string ensemble 2"    "pad 5 (bowed)"
"clav"                      "synthstrings 1"       "pad 6 (metallic)"
"celesta"                   "synthstrings 2"       "pad 7 (halo)"
"glockenspiel"              "choir aahs"           "pad 8 (sweep)"
"music box"                 "voice oohs"           "fx 1 (rain)"
"vibraphone"                "synth voice"          "fx 2 (soundtrack)"
"marimba"                   "orchestra hit"        "fx 3 (crystal)"
"xylophone"                 "trumpet"              "fx 4 (atmosphere)"
"tubular bells"             "trombone"             "fx 5 (brightness)"
"dulcimer"                  "tuba"                 "fx 6 (goblins)"
"drawbar organ"             "muted trumpet"        "fx 7 (echoes)"
"percussive organ"          "french horn"          "fx 8 (sci-fi)"
"rock organ"                "brass section"        "sitar"
"church organ"              "synthbrass 1"         "banjo"
"reed organ"                "synthbrass 2"         "shamisen"
"accordion"                 "soprano sax"          "koto"
"harmonica"                 "alto sax"             "kalimba"
"concertina"                "tenor sax"            "bagpipe"
"acoustic guitar (nylon)"   "baritone sax"         "fiddle"
"acoustic guitar (steel)"   "oboe"                 "shanai"
"electric guitar (jazz)"    "english horn"         "tinkle bell"
"electric guitar (clean)"   "bassoon"              "agogo"
"electric guitar (muted)"   "clarinet"             "steel drums"
"overdriven guitar"         "piccolo"              "woodblock"
"distorted guitar"          "flute"                "taiko drum"
"guitar harmonics"          "recorder"             "melodic tom"
"acoustic bass"             "pan flute"            "synth drum"
"electric bass (finger)"    "blown bottle"         "reverse cymbal"
"electric bass (pick)"      "skakuhachi"           "guitar fret noise"
"fretless bass"             "whistle"              "breath noise"
"slap bass 1"               "ocarina"              "seashore"
"slap bass 2"               "lead 1 (square)"      "bird tweet"
"synth bass 1"              "lead 2 (sawtooth)"    "telephone ring"
"synth bass 2"              "lead 3 (calliope)"    "helicopter"
"violin"                    "lead 4 (chiff)"       "applause"
"viola"                     "lead 5 (charang)"     "gunshot"
"cello"                     "lead 6 (voice)" 
@end example