1 #+TITLE: The org-ref manual
4 #+OPTIONS: toc:nil ^:{}
5 #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{natbib}
9 * Introduction to org-ref
10 Org-ref is a library for org-mode cite:Dominik201408 that provides rich support for citations, labels and cross-references in org-mode. org-ref is especially suitable for org-mode documents destined for LaTeX export and scientific publication. org-ref is also extremely useful for research documents and notes. org-ref bundles several other libraries that provide functions to create and modify bibtex entries from a variety of sources, but most notably from a DOI.
12 The basic idea of org-ref is that it defines a convenient interface to insert citations from a reference database (e.g. from a bibtex file(s)), and a set of functional org-mode links for citations, cross-references and labels that export properly to LaTeX, and that provide clickable functionality to the user. org-ref interfaces with helm-bibtex to facilitate citation entry, and it can also use reftex.
14 org-ref provides a fairly large number of utilities for finding bad citations, extracting bibtex entries from citations in an org-file, and functions for interacting with bibtex entries. We find these utilities indispensable in scientific writing.
16 org-ref is [[id:32B558A3-7B48-4581-982B-082017B0AEE8][customizable]].
18 org-ref has been in development since sometime in 2013. It was written to aid in the preparation of scientific manuscripts. We have published a lot of scientific articles with it so far cite:hallenbeck-2013-effec,mehta-2014-ident-poten,xu-2014-relat-elect,xu-2014-probin-cover,miller-2014-simul-temper,curnan-2014-effec-concen,boes-2015-estim-bulk,xu-2015-linear-respon,xu-2015-relat-between. Be sure to check out the supporting information files for each of these. The org source for the supporting information is usually embedded in the supporting information.
20 There has been a lot of recent discussion on the org-mode mailing list about a citation syntax for org-mode. It is not clear what the impact of this on org-ref will be. The new syntax will more cleanly support pre/post text, and it will be separate from the links used in org-ref. It is not clear if the new syntax will support all of the citation types, especially those in biblatex, that are supported in org-ref. The new citations are likely to be clickable, and could share functionality with org-ref. The new citation syntax will not cover labels and cross-references though, so these links from org-ref will still exist. We anticipate a long life for org-ref.
22 ** Basic usage of org-ref
24 *** Bibliography links
25 index:bibliography index:bibliographystyle
27 org-ref provides a bibliography link to specify which bibtex files to use in the document. You should use the filename with extension, and separate filenames by commas. This link is clickable; clicking on a filename will open the file. Also, if your cursor is on a filename, you will see a minibuffer message about whether the file exists or not. On export, the bibliography will appear at the position where the link is defined. Usually this link goes near the end of your document, e.g. like [[bibliography link][here]].
29 There is also a nobibliography link, which is useful for specifying a bibliography file, but not listing a bibliography in the exported document.
31 There is also a bibliographystyle link that specifies the style. This link does nothing but export to a LaTeX command.
33 If you use biblatex, then you use an addbibresource link. biblatex support is not very well tested by me, because we do not use it.
41 org-ref uses the [[bibliography link]] to determine which bibtex files to get citations from, and falls back to the bibtex files defined in the variable reftex-default-bibliography or org-ref-default-bibliography if no bibliography link is found.
43 For simple citation needs, org-ref is simple to use. At the point you want to insert a citation, you select the "Org -> org-ref -> Insert citation" menu (or use the key-binding C-c ] by default), select the reference(s) you want in the helm-bibtex buffer and press enter. The citation will be inserted automatically into your org-file. You "select" an entry by using the arrow keys to move up and down to the entry you want. You can narrow the selection by typing a pattern to match, e.g. author name, title words, year, keyword, etc... You can select multiple entries by pressing C-spc to mark enties in the helm-bibtex buffer.
45 If the cursor is on a citation key, you should see a message in the minibuffer that summarizes which citation it refers to. If you click on a key, you should see a helm selection buffer with some actions to choose, including opening the bibtex entry, opening/getting a pdf for the entry, searching the entry in Web of Science, etc...
47 The default citation type is [[id:32B558A3-7B48-4581-982B-082017B0AEE8][customizable]], and set to "cite". If you want another type of citation type, then type C-u before pressing enter in the helm-bibtex selection buffer. You will be prompted for the type of citation you actually want.
49 Here is a list of supported citation types. You can customize this if you want. If you do not know what all these types are, you probably do not need them. The default cite is what you need. See http://ctan.unixbrain.com/macros/latex/contrib/natbib/natnotes.pdf
50 for the cite commands supported in bibtex index:natbib, and http://ctan.mirrorcatalogs.com/macros/latex/contrib/biblatex/doc/biblatex.pdf
51 for the commands supported in biblatex. For most scientific journals, only bibtex is supported. index:biblatex
53 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
58 | cite | nocite | citet | citet* | citep | citep* | citealt | citealt* | citealp | citealp* | citenum | citetext | citeauthor | citeauthor* | citeyear | citeyear* | Citet | Citep | Citealt | Citealp | Citeauthor | Cite | parencite | Parencite | footcite | footcitetext | textcite | Textcite | smartcite | Smartcite | cite* | parencite* | supercite | autocite | Autocite | autocite* | Autocite* | Citeauthor* | citetitle | citetitle* | citedate | citedate* | citeurl | fullcite | footfullcite | notecite | Notecite | pnotecite | Pnotecite | fnotecite | cites | Cites | parencites | Parencites | footcites | footcitetexts | smartcites | Smartcites | textcites | Textcites | supercites | autocites | Autocites | bibentry |
60 If the cursor is on a citation, or at the end of the citation, and you add another citation, it will be appended to the current citation.
63 If you want to /replace/ an existing key in a citation, put the cursor on the key, run the insert citation command, and type C-u C-u before pressing enter in the helm-bibtex selection buffer. The key will be replaced. Of course, you can just delete it yourself, and add a new key.
66 Finally, if you do not like the order of the keys in a citation, you can put your cursor on a key and use shift-arrows (left or right) to move the key around. Alternatively, you can run the command org-ref-sort-citation-link which will sort the keys by year, oldest to newest.
68 org-ref has basic support for pre/post text in citations. We have very little need for this in scientific publishing; we write pre text before the citation, and post text after it. However, you can get pre/post text by using a description in a cite link, with pre/post text separated by ::. For example, [[cite:Dominik201408][See page 20::, for example]]. It is a little awkward to see this because you cannot see the key. It is a low priority to find a fix for this, because it is not common in scientific publishing and you can always fall back to the old-fashioned LaTeX: \cite[See page 20][, for example]{Dominik201408}.
70 You may want to bind a hydra menu to a key-binding or key-chord. For example:
72 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
73 (key-chord-define-global "kk" 'org-ref-cite-hydra/body)
76 This will allow you to quickly press kk while on a cite link to access functions that can act on the link.
81 LaTeX uses labels to define places you can refer to. These can be labels in the captions of figures and tables, or labels in sections. We illustrate some uses here.
83 label links are "functional" if you put your cursor on the link, you will get a message in the minibuffer showing you the number of occurrences of that label in the buffer. That number should be one! It is most preferable to put a label link into a caption like this.
84 #+caption: Another simple table. label:tab-ydata
89 org-ref can help you insert unique labels with the command elisp:org-ref-helm-insert-label-link. This will show you the existing labels, and insert your new label as a link. There is no default key-binding for this.
93 :ID: 290260A1-F07C-4852-B4B3-CEE3E768AA3B
97 A ref link refers to a label of some sort. For example, you can refer to a table name, e.g. Table ref:table-1. You have to provide the context before the ref link, e.g. Table, Figure, Equation, Section, ....
100 #+caption: A simple table.
105 Or you can refer to an org-mode label as in Table ref:table-3.
108 #+caption: Another simple table.
114 You can also refer to an org-ref label link as in Table ref:tab-ydata.
116 To help you insert ref links, use the "Org->org-ref->Insert ref" menu, or run the command elisp:org-ref-helm-insert-ref-link. There is no default key-binding for this.
118 ref links are functional. If you put the cursor on a ref link, you will get a little message in the minibuffer with some context of the corresponding label. If you click on the ref link, the cursor will jump to the label.
120 A brief note about references to a section. This only works if you put a label in the org-mode headline. Otherwise, you must use a CUSTOM_ID and a CUSTOM_ID link. For example section [[#citations]] has a CUSTOM_ID of citations. Section ref:sec-misc has a label link in the headline. That works, but is not too pretty.
122 **** Miscellaneous ref links label:sec-misc
123 index:ref!pageref index:ref!nameref index:ref!eqref
125 org-ref also provides these links:
127 - pageref :: The page a label is on
128 - nameref :: The name of a section a label is in
129 - eqref :: Puts the equation number in parentheses
131 Note for eqref, you must use a LaTeX label like this:
137 Then you can refer to Eq. eqref:eq:1 in your documents.
140 [[index:list of tables]] [[index:list of figures]]
142 org-ref provides clickable links for a list-of-tables:nil and list-of-figures:nil. We have to put some text in the link, anything will do. These export as listoftables and listoffigures LaTeX commands, and they are clickable links that open a mini table of contents with links to the tables and figures in the buffer. There are also interactive commands for this: elisp:org-ref-list-of-tables and elisp:org-ref-list-of-figures.
144 ** org-ref customization of helm-bibtex
147 org-ref adds a few new features to helm-bibtex. First, we add keywords as a searchable field. Second, org-ref modifies the helm-bibtex search buffer to include the keywords. Since keywords now can have a central role in searching, we add some functionality to add keywords from the helm-bibtex buffer as a new action.
149 We change the order of the actions in helm-bibtex to suit our work flow, and add some new actions. We define a format function for org-mode that is compatible with the usage defined in section [[#citations]]. Finally, we add some new fallback options for additional scientific search engines.
151 ** Some basic org-ref utilities
152 [[index:bibtex!clean entry]]
154 The command org-ref does a lot for you automatically. It will check the buffer for errors, e.g. multiply-defined labels, bad citations or ref links, and provide easy access to a few commands through a helm buffer.
156 org-ref-clean-bibtex-entry will sort the fields of a bibtex entry, clean it, and give it a bibtex key. This function does a lot of cleaning:
158 1. adds a comma if needed in the first line of the entry
159 2. makes sure the doi field is an actual doi, and not a url.
160 3. fixes bad year entries
163 6. generate a key according to your setup
164 7. Runs your hook functions
165 8. sorts the fields in the entry
166 9. checks the buffer for non-ascii characters.
168 This function has a hook org-ref-clean-bibtex-entry-hook, which you can add functions to of your own. Each function must work on a bibtex entry at point.
170 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
171 (add-hook 'org-ref-clean-bibtex-entry-hook 'jmax-replace-nonascii)
175 | jmax-title-case-article | jmax-replace-nonascii |
177 org-ref-extract-bibtex-entries will create a bibtex file from the citations in the current buffer.
182 All org-ref links are designed to export to the corresponding LaTeX commands for citations, labels, refs and the bibliography/bibliography style. Once you have the LaTeX file, you have to build it, using the appropriate latex and bibtex commands. You can have org-mode do this for you with a setup like:
184 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
185 (setq org-latex-pdf-process
186 '("pdflatex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f"
188 "pdflatex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f"
189 "pdflatex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f")
193 index:export!html index:export!ascii
194 There is some basic support for HTML and ascii export. Not all bibtex entry types are supported, but basic support exists for articles and books. For a markdown export, the cite links are exported as Pandoc style links.
196 * Other libraries in org-ref
197 These are mostly functions for adding entries to bibtex files, modifying entries or for operating on bibtex files. Some new org-mode links are defined.
202 This library adds two extremely useful tools for getting bibtex entries and pdf files of journal manuscripts. Add this to your emacs setup:
203 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
207 The provides two important commands:
209 - doi-utils-add-bibtex-entry-from-doi
210 This will prompt you for a DOI, and a bibtex file, and then try to get the bibtex entry, and pdf of the article.
212 - doi-utils-add-entry-from-crossref-query
213 This will prompt you for a query string, which is usually the title of an article, or a free-form text citation of an article. Then you will get a helm buffer of matching items, which you can choose from to insert a new bibtex entry into a bibtex file.
215 This library also redefines the org-mode doi link. Now, when you click on this link you will get a menu of options, e.g. to open a bibtex entry or a pdf if you have it, or to search the doi in some scientific search engines. Try it out doi:10.1021/jp511426q.
218 These are functions I use often in bibtex files.
220 *** Generate new bibtex files with adapted journal names
221 The variable jmax-bibtex-journal-abbreviations contains a mapping of a short string to a full journal title, and an abbreviated journal title. We can use these to create new versions of a bibtex file with full or abbreviated journal titles. You can add new strings like this:
223 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
224 (add-to-list 'jmax-bibtex-journal-abbreviations
225 '("JIR" "Journal of Irreproducible Research" "J. Irrep. Res."))
228 - jmax-bibtex-generate-longtitles :: Generate a bib file with long titles as
229 defined in `jmax-bibtex-journal-abbreviations'
230 - jmax-bibtex-generate-shorttitles :: Generate a bib file with short titles as
231 defined in `jmax-bibtex-journal-abbreviations'
233 *** Modifying bibtex entries
235 - jmax-stringify-journal-name :: replace a journal name with a string in
236 `jmax-bibtex-journal-abbreviations'
237 - jmax-set-journal-string :: in a bibtex entry run this to replace the journal
238 with a string selected interactively.
240 - jmax-title-case-article :: title case the title in an article entry.
241 - jmax-sentence-case-article :: sentence case the title in an article entry.
243 - jmax-replace-nonascii :: replace nonascii characters in a bibtex
244 entry. Replacements are in `jmax-nonascii-latex-replacements'. This
245 function is a hook function in org-ref-clean-bibtex-entry.
247 The non-ascii characters are looked up in a list of cons cells. You can add your own non-ascii replacements like this. Note backslashes must be escaped doubly, so one \ is \\\\ in the cons cell.
249 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
250 (add-to-list 'jmax-nonascii-latex-replacements
254 These functions are compatible with bibtex-map-entries, so it is possible to conveniently apply them to all the entries in a file like this:
256 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
257 (bibtex-map-entries 'jmax-title-case-article)
261 *** Bibtex entry navigation
262 - jmax-bibtex-next-entry :: bound to M-n
263 - jmax-bibtex-previous-entry :: bound to M-p
265 *** Hydra menus for bibtex entries and files
266 - Functions to act on a bibtex entry or file
267 - jmax-bibtex-hydra/body :: gives a hydra menu to a lot of useful functions
268 like opening the pdf, or the entry in a browser, or searching in a
269 variety of scientific search engines.
270 - jmax-bibtex-new-entry/body :: gives a hydra menu to add new bibtex entries.
271 - jmax-bibtex-file/body :: gives a hydra menu of actions for the bibtex file.
273 You will want to bind the hydra menus to a key. You only need to bind the first one, as the second and third can be accessed from the first hydra.
274 You can do that like this before you require jmax-bibtex:
276 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
277 (setq jmax-bibtex-hydra-key-binding "\C-cj")
280 Or this if you like key-chord:
282 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
283 (key-chord-define-global "jj" 'jmax-bibtex-hydra/body)
287 This is a small utility for Web of Science/Knowledge (http://apps.webofknowledge.com).
289 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
293 - wos :: Convenience function to open WOK in a browser.
294 - wos-search :: Search WOK with the selected text or word at point
296 There is also a new org-mode link that opens a search: [[wos-search:alloy and segregation]]
301 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
305 This library provides some functions to get bibtex entries for books from their ISBN.
312 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
316 This library provides a number of new org-mode links to Pubmed entries. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/public-access-info/#p3 for details of these identifiers.
324 Also, you can retrieve a bibtex entry for a PMID with
326 - pubmed-insert-bibtex-from-pmid
331 This library provides an org-mode link to http://arxiv.org entries: arxiv:cond-mat/0410285, and a function to get a bibtex entry and pdfs for arxiv entries:
333 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
337 - arxiv-add-bibtex-entry
341 index:orcid [[index:researcher id]]
343 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
347 This package just defines two new org-mode links for http://www.orcid.org, and http://www.researcherid.com. Here are two examples:
349 orcid:0000-0003-2625-9232
351 researcherid:A-2363-2010
354 index:bibtex!conversion
356 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
360 If you find you need to convert some bibliographies in some format into bibtex, this library is a starting point. This code is mostly wrappers around the command line utilities at http://sourceforge.net/p/bibutils/home/Bibutils. I thankfully have not had to use this often, but it is here when I need it again.
362 - ris2bib :: Convert an RIS file to a bibtex file.
363 - medxml2bib :: Convert Pubmed XML to bibtex.
364 - clean-entries :: Map over a converted bibtex file and "clean it".
367 ** Customizing org-ref
369 :ID: 32B558A3-7B48-4581-982B-082017B0AEE8
373 You will probably want to customize a few variables before using org-ref extensively. One way to do this is through the Emacs customization interface: [[elisp:(customize-group "org-ref")]].
375 Here is my minimal setup:
376 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
377 (setq reftex-default-bibliography '("~/Dropbox/bibliography/references.bib"))
379 (setq org-ref-bibliography-notes "~/Dropbox/bibliography/notes.org"
380 org-ref-default-bibliography '("~/Dropbox/bibliography/references.bib")
381 org-ref-pdf-directory "~/Dropbox/bibliography/bibtex-pdfs/")
384 For jmax-bibtex I like:
386 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
387 (setq jmax-bibtex-hydra-key-chord "jj")
390 ** Other things org-ref supports
392 index:completion index:link!completion
394 Most org-ref links support org-mode completion. You can type C-c C-l to insert a link. You will get completion of the link type, type some characters and press tab. When you select the type, press tab to see the completion options. This works for the following link types:
401 *** Storing org-links to labels
403 :ID: AD9663C7-1369-413F-842A-157916D4BB75
404 :CUSTOM_ID: sec-store-links
408 If you are on a label link, or on a table name, or on an org-mode label you can "store" a link to it by typing C-c l. Then you can insert the corresponding ref link with C-c C-l. This will insert a ref link or custom_id link as needed. This usually works, but it is not used by me too often, so it is not tested too deeply.
410 *** Storing links to bibtex entries
411 If you have a bibtex file open, you type C-c C-l with your cursor in a bibtex entry to store a link to that entry. In an org-buffer if you then type C-c l, you can enter a cite link.
416 org-ref provides links to support making an index in LaTeX. (http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Indexing).
418 - index :: creates an index entry.
419 - printindex :: Generates a temporary index of clickable entries. Exports to the LaTeX command.
421 You will need to use the makeidx package, and use this in the LaTeX header.
423 #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{makeidx}
424 #+LATEX_HEADER: \makeindex
426 You will have to incorporate running makeindex into your PDF build command.
428 This is not supported in anything but LaTeX export.
433 See http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Glossary. Not all options are supported. I have never actually used this functionality.
435 - newglossaryentry :: define a term
436 - gls :: a reference to a term
437 - glspl :: plural reference to a term
438 - Gsl :: capitalized reference to a term
439 - Glspl :: capitalized plural reference to a term
441 You will need to incorporate running the command makeglossaries into your PDF build command. You also need use the glossaries LaTeX package.
444 #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage[toc]{glossaries}
447 This is not supported in anything but LaTeX export.
450 This is a functional link that will open a buffer of clickable index entries:
453 * Other forms of this document
455 You may want to build a pdf of this file. Here is an emacs-lisp block that will create and open the PDF.
457 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
458 (org-open-file (org-latex-export-to-pdf))
464 You may want to build an html version of this file. Here is an emacs-lisp block that will create and open the html in your browser. You will see the bibliography is not perfect, but it is pretty functional.
466 #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
467 (browse-url (org-html-export-to-html))
471 : #<process open ./org-ref.html>
474 bibliographystyle:unsrtnat
475 # <<bibliography link>>
476 bibliography:org-ref.bib