1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
15 @c TODO: delete this comment block
16 @c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
17 @c Done, see @node Lyrics independent of notes ----FV
19 @c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
20 @c Done, see @node Working with lyrics and variables ----FV
22 @c partially done, needs improvement, see Switching to an alternative melody ----FV
25 > I think the issue here is that changing the associatedVoice
27 > later than expected. I could be wrong, but I don't think this
31 If you read section "Switching the melody associated with a lyrics
33 it indeed says "Again, the command must be one syllable too
35 One problem with the current formulation is that the "Again"
36 refers to what's described 2 subsections earlier in "Lyrics to
37 multiple notes of a melisma", which isn't obvious unless you have
42 @c Done in @node Extenders and hyphens ---FV
43 @c also done (duplicated) in @node Multiple notes to one syllable --FV
44 I don't know who's working on the vocal music right now, but I
45 found something that should be clarified in NR 2.1.2.4.
47 It should be made clear that __ is used to crate a lyric extender,
48 and _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are
49 used. The example shows it, but there is no description of the
50 lyrics extender in this section.
54 Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to
55 consider when working with vocal music:
59 Song texts must be entered as text, not notes. For example, the
60 input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable, not the
64 Song texts must be aligned with the notes of their melody.
67 There are a few different ways to define lyrics; we shall begin
68 by examining the simplest method, and gradually increase complexity.
71 * Common notation for vocals::
72 * Aligning lyrics to a melody::
73 * Placement of lyrics::
79 Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
80 a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, LilyPond does
81 not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
84 \override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
87 To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
93 \consists "Bar_engraver"
94 \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
95 \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
100 @node Common notation for vocals
101 @subsection Common notation for vocals
104 * References for vocal music::
105 * Setting simple songs::
107 * Working with lyrics and variables::
110 @node References for vocal music
111 @subsubsection References for vocal music
116 @q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is
117 notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in
118 @ref{Special note heads}.
121 @node Setting simple songs
122 @subsubsection Setting simple songs
126 The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody is to append
129 \addlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @}
133 to a melody. Here is an example,
135 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
137 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
138 \addlyrics { play the game }
141 More stanzas can be added by adding more
142 @code{\addlyrics} sections
144 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
146 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
147 \addlyrics { play the game }
148 \addlyrics { speel het spel }
149 \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
152 The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these
153 cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}, as will be
154 introduced in @ref{Entering lyrics}.
158 @node Entering lyrics
159 @subsubsection Entering lyrics
164 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
165 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
167 Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced
168 by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or
169 @code{\lyricsto}. In this mode you can enter lyrics,
170 with punctuation and accents, and the input @code{d} is not parsed as
171 a pitch, but rather as a one letter syllable. Syllables are entered
172 like notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
175 \lyricmode @{ Twin-4 kle4 twin- kle litt- le star2 @}
178 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
179 of the syllables, either by specifying the duration of each syllable
180 explicitly, like in the example above, or by automatically aligning
181 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
184 @c For more details see @ref{The Lyrics context}.
186 A word or syllable of lyrics begins with an alphabetic character, and ends
188 any space or digit. The following characters can be any character
189 that is not a digit or white space.
191 Any character that is not a digit or white space will be regarded as
192 part of the syllable; one important consequence of this is that a word
193 can end with @code{@}}, which often leads to the following mistake:
196 \lyricmode @{ lah- lah@}
199 In this example, the @code{@}} is included in the final syllable, so the
200 opening brace is not balanced and the input file will probably not
204 @funindex \property in \lyricmode
207 Similarly, a period which follows an alphabetic sequence is included in
208 the resulting string. As a consequence, spaces must be inserted around
209 property commands: do @emph{not} write
212 \override Score.LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
219 \override Score . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
223 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
224 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
225 @cindex ties, in lyrics
227 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
228 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
229 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
231 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
233 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
234 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
235 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
236 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
239 The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
240 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
244 To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
245 accented and special characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
246 simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save
247 it with UTF-8 encoding. See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.
249 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
250 \relative c' { e4 f e d e f e2 }
251 \addlyrics { He said: “Let my peo ple go”. }
254 To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
257 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
258 \relative c' { \time 3/4 e4 e4. e8 d4 e d c2. }
259 \addlyrics { "\"I" am so lone- "ly\"" said she }
262 The full definition of a word start in Lyrics mode is somewhat more
265 A word in Lyrics mode begins with: an alphabetic character, @code{_},
266 @code{?}, @code{!}, @code{:}, @code{'}, the control characters @code{^A}
267 through @code{^F}, @code{^Q} through @code{^W}, @code{^Y}, @code{^^},
268 any 8-bit character with ASCII code over 127, or a two-character
269 combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
270 @code{"}, or @code{^}.
272 @c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
274 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricmode}
278 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
281 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
284 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
286 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
295 @rinternals{LyricText},
296 @rinternals{LyricSpace}.
298 @node Working with lyrics and variables
299 @subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables
301 @cindex lyrics, variables
303 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
304 must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
305 @code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}
306 when invoking your variable.
309 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
312 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
315 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
317 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
322 For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
323 hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
326 \new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
327 \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
328 \new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
329 \new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
333 and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
336 \context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
342 The final input would resemble
345 <<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
346 \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
347 \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
354 http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
355 The problem cannot be reproduced.
356 The following has no sense, because the issue seems to be fixed.
357 A comment is in tracker waiting for response ---FV
360 Be careful when defining a variable with lyrics that creates a new
361 context, for example, using the deprecated @code{\lyrics} command. See
362 the next erroneous example:
365 words = \lyrics{ %warning: this creates a new context
369 \new Voice = "sop" { c1 }
370 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sop" { \words }
371 \new Voice = "alt" { c2 c }
372 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "alt" { \words }
376 the problem is that \lyricsto will try to connect the "sop" melody with the context
377 created by "\new Lyrics".
379 Then \lyrics in \words creates another context, and the original "\new Lyrics" one
386 @c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
388 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic},
392 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
393 @subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
400 Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called
404 \new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}
407 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
412 by automatically aligning
413 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
417 or by specifying the duration of each syllable
418 explicitly, using @code{\lyricmode}
422 * Automatic syllable durations::
423 * Manual syllable durations::
424 * Multiple syllables to one note::
425 * Multiple notes to one syllable::
427 * Extenders and hyphens::
428 * Lyrics and repeats::
431 @node Automatic syllable durations
432 @subsubsection Automatic syllable durations
434 @cindex automatic syllable durations
435 @cindex lyrics and melodies
437 The lyrics can be aligned under a given melody
438 automatically. This is achieved by combining the
439 melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
442 \new Lyrics \lyricsto @var{name} @dots{}
445 This aligns the lyrics to the
446 notes of the @rinternals{Voice} context called @var{name}, which must
447 already exist. Therefore normally the @code{Voice} is specified first, and
448 then the lyrics are specified with @code{\lyricsto}. The command
449 @code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the
450 @code{\lyricmode} keyword may be omitted.
452 The following example uses different commands for entering lyrics.
454 @lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
456 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
459 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
462 % not recommended: left aligns syllables
463 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
465 % wrong: durations needed
466 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }
469 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
473 The second stanza is not properly aligned because the durations
474 were not specified. A solution for that would be to use @code{\lyricsto}.
476 The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convenient way
477 to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
482 \addlyrics @{ LYRICS @}
489 \new Voice = "blah" @{ music @}
490 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" @{ LYRICS @}
493 @node Manual syllable durations
494 @subsubsection Manual syllable durations
496 Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
497 @code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
498 syllables are entered like notes -- but with pitches replaced by text -- and the
499 duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
506 The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
507 @code{associatedVoice} property,
510 \set associatedVoice = #"lala"
514 The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
515 a @rinternals{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
516 will not be formatted properly.
518 Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
520 @lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
521 << \new Voice = "melody" {
525 \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
526 \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
537 @node Multiple syllables to one note
538 @subsubsection Multiple syllables to one note
542 @cindex ties, in lyrics
544 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
545 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
546 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric
547 tie@footnote{The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character
549 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
552 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
554 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
555 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
556 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
557 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
563 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
565 @c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
566 @c the new title might be more self-explanatory
569 @node Multiple notes to one syllable
570 @subsubsection Multiple notes to one syllable
574 @cindex phrasing, in lyrics
576 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one
577 single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
579 @c this method seems to be the simplest; therefore
580 @c it might be better to present it first - vv
582 You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
583 for every note that is part of the melisma.
586 @c duplicated: TODO fix
587 Additionaly, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate
588 the melisma in the score, writing a double underscore next to the
589 first syllable of the melisma. This example shows the three elements
590 that are used for this purpose (all of them surrounded by spaces):
591 double hyphens to separate syllables in a word, underscores to add
592 notes to a melisma, and a double underscore to put an extender line.
594 @lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
595 { \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
596 c d( e) f f( e) e e }
598 { Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e }
601 In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you
602 set @code{melismaBusyProperties}, as is done in the example above.
604 However, the @code{\lyricsto} command can also
605 detect melismata automatically: it only puts one
606 syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
607 an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert @code{\melisma}
608 after the first note of the group, and @code{\melismaEnd} after the
611 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
613 \new Voice = "lala" {
621 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" {
627 In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually
628 beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam
629 behavior}) is switched off.
631 @c TODO: there might be some more relevant place for
632 @c the following link (?)
637 A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
638 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
643 @code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
644 @funindex \melismaEnd
650 @rinternals{Melisma_translator}.
652 @c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
656 Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
660 @subsubsection Skipping notes
662 Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
663 inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
664 the text will be delayed another note.
668 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
669 \relative c' { c c g' }
677 @node Extenders and hyphens
678 @subsubsection Extenders and hyphens
683 @c leave this as samp. -gp
684 Melismata are sometimes indicated with a long horizontal line starting
685 in the melisma syllable, and ending in the next one. Such a line is
686 called an extender line, and it is entered as @samp{ __ } (note the
687 spaces before and after the two underscore characters).
689 @warning{Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines,
690 which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can
691 also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as
692 single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be
697 @c leave this as samp. -gp
698 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
699 (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
700 will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
701 depending on the space between the syllables.
703 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
704 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
705 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
706 (threshold below which hyphens are removed).
711 @rinternals{LyricExtender},
712 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}
714 @node Lyrics and repeats
715 @subsubsection Lyrics and repeats
717 @c TODO New section. Add text
721 @node Placement of lyrics
722 @subsection Placement of lyrics
724 Often, different stanzas of one song are put to one melody in slightly
725 differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with
730 * Lyrics independent of notes::
732 * Spacing out syllables::
733 * Centering lyrics between staves::
739 @subsubsection Divisi lyrics
741 You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice
742 contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts.
744 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
746 \new Voice = "melody" {
751 \new Voice = "splitpart" { \voiceTwo c4 }
756 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { we shall not o- ver- come }
757 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "splitpart" { will }
762 You can use this trick to display different lyrics for a repeated
765 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
767 \new Voice = "melody" \relative c' {
769 \new Voice = "verse" \repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f | g1 | }
771 \new Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto melody \lyricmode {
774 \context Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
776 \new Lyrics = "repeatlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
777 dodo rere mimi fafa solsol }
784 @node Lyrics independent of notes
785 @subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes
787 @cindex Devnull context
789 In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
790 lyrics completely independently of notes. Music defined
791 inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the
792 @code{Devnull} context, but the rhythms can still be used
795 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
798 \tag #'music { c''2 }
799 \tag #'lyricrhythm { c''4. c''8 }
803 lyr = \lyricmode { I like my cat! }
806 \new Staff \keepWithTag #'music \voice
807 \new Devnull="nowhere" \keepWithTag #'lyricrhythm \voice
808 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "nowhere" \lyr
809 \new Staff { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c' c'
810 c' c' c' c' c' c' c' c' }
814 This method is recommended only if the music in the @code{Devnull}
815 context does not contain melismata. Melismata are defined by the
816 @code{Voice} context. Connecting lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context
817 makes the voice/lyrics links to get lost, and so does the info on
818 melismata. Therefore, if you link lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context,
819 the implicit melismata get ignored.
821 @c Conclusion: do not use devnull for lyrics -FV
823 @c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
827 @subsubsection Chants
829 @c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
832 @node Spacing out syllables
833 @subsubsection Spacing out syllables
835 @cindex Spacing lyrics
836 @cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
838 To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the minimum-distance property of
841 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right]
844 \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
848 longtext longtext longtext longtext
849 longtext longtext longtext longtext
853 To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
856 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
863 longtext longtext longtext longtext
864 longtext longtext longtext longtext
869 \override LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
876 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
879 @c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
880 @c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
881 @c even when notes are tied. -td
886 \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
890 @node Centering lyrics between staves
891 @subsubsection Centering lyrics between staves
893 @c TODO Add text from -user
900 * Adding stanza numbers ::
901 * Adding dynamics marks to stanzas::
902 * Adding singers' names to stanzas::
903 * Stanzas with different rhythms::
904 * Printing stanzas at the end ::
905 * Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns ::
909 @node Adding stanza numbers
910 @subsubsection Adding stanza numbers
912 @cindex stanza number
914 Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
916 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
918 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
924 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
930 These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
932 @c TODO Create and add snippet to show how two lines of a
933 @c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
934 @c (might need improving a bit) -td
937 leftbrace = \markup { \override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces) \lookup
941 \set stanza = \markup { "1. " \leftbrace }
942 \lyricmode { Child, you're mine and I love you.
943 Lend thine ear to what I say.
949 % \set stanza = \markup { " "}
950 \lyricmode { Child, I have no great -- er joy
951 Than to have you walk in truth.
957 \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
958 c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
959 } \addlyrics { \stanzaOneOne }
960 \addlyrics { \stanzaOneThree }
964 @node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
965 @subsubsection Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
967 Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
968 dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
969 front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
970 are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
971 outside @code{\lyricmode}:
973 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
975 \set stanza = \markup { \dynamic "ff" "1. " }
982 \new Voice = "tune" {
986 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tune" \text
990 @node Adding singers' names to stanzas
991 @subsubsection Adding singers' names to stanzas
994 @cindex name of singer
996 Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
997 the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
998 @code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
1000 @lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
1002 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
1004 \set vocalName = "Bert "
1005 Hi, my name is Bert.
1007 \set vocalName = "Ernie "
1008 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
1012 @node Stanzas with different rhythms
1013 @subsubsection Stanzas with different rhythms
1015 @subsubheading Ignoring melismata
1017 One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
1018 multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
1019 voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
1020 @code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
1022 There is one tricky aspect: the setting for @code{ignoreMelismata}
1023 must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
1024 in the text, as shown here,
1026 @c TODO: breaks compile
1027 @c seems to be fixed, does not break compile anymore --FV
1028 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
1030 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1031 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1037 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1040 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1041 \set ignoreMelismata = ##t % applies to "fas"
1043 \unset ignoreMelismata
1050 The @code{ignoreMelismata} applies to the syllable @q{fas}, so it
1051 should be entered before @q{go}.
1054 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
1056 More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
1057 to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
1058 done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property. In the example
1060 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
1062 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1063 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1066 \new Voice = "alternative" {
1069 % show associations clearly.
1070 \override NoteColumn #'force-hshift = #-3
1081 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1082 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1084 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1085 % Tricky: need to set associatedVoice
1086 % one syllable too soon!
1087 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1091 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1097 the text for the first stanza is set to a melody called @q{lahlah},
1100 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1101 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1106 The second stanza initially is set to the @code{lahlah} context, but
1107 for the syllable @q{ran}, it switches to a different melody.
1108 This is achieved with
1110 \set associatedVoice = alternative
1114 Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
1115 containing the triplet.
1117 This command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in this
1118 case. In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one step
1119 later than expected. This is for technical reasons, and it is not a
1123 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1124 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1128 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1134 The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning
1135 @code{lahlah} to @code{associatedVoice}.
1138 @node Printing stanzas at the end
1139 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end
1141 Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
1142 to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
1143 the end of the piece. This can be accomplished by adding
1144 the extra verses into a @code{\markup} section outside
1145 of the main score block. Notice that there are two
1146 different ways to force linebreaks when using
1149 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
1150 melody = \relative c' {
1156 \set stanza = "1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
1157 its fleece was white as snow.
1161 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1162 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1168 \line{ All the children laughed and played }
1169 \line{ To see a lamb at school. }
1176 Mary took it home again,
1178 It was against the rule."
1183 @node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1184 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1186 When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
1187 multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
1188 introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
1191 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
1192 melody = \relative c' {
1197 \set stanza = "1." This is verse one.
1202 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1203 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1210 \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
1211 % can be removed if space on the page is tight
1215 "This is verse two."
1219 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1222 "This is verse three."
1227 \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
1228 % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
1229 % until the result looks good
1233 "This is verse four."
1237 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1240 "This is verse five."
1245 \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
1246 % can be removed if page space is tight
1254 Internals Reference:
1255 @rinternals{LyricText},
1256 @rinternals{StanzaNumber},
1257 @rinternals{VocalName}.