1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
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11 @node Unfretted string instruments
12 @section Unfretted string instruments
14 @cindex orchestral strings
15 @cindex strings, writing for
17 This section provides information and references which are helpful
18 when writing for unfretted string instruments, principally
22 * Common notation for unfretted strings::
25 @node Common notation for unfretted strings
26 @subsection Common notation for unfretted strings
28 There is little specialist notation for unfretted string
29 instruments. The music is notated on a single staff, and
30 usually only a single voice is required. Two voices might
31 be required for some double-stopped or divisi passages.
34 * References for unfretted strings::
35 * Bowing indications::
37 * Snap (Bartok) pizzicato::
40 @node References for unfretted strings
41 @unnumberedsubsubsec References for unfretted strings
43 Most of the notation which is useful for orchestral strings
44 and other bowed instruments is covered elsewhere:
48 @item Texual indications such as @qq{pizz.} and @qq{arco} are
49 added as simple text -- see @ref{Text scripts}.
51 @item Fingerings, including the thumb indication, are described
52 in @ref{Fingering instructions}.
54 @item Double stopping is normally indicated by writing a chord,
55 see @ref{Chorded notes}. Directives for playing chords may be
56 added, see @ref{Arpeggio}.
58 @item A template for a string quartet can be found in
59 @rlearning{String quartet}. Others are shown in the snippets.
65 @rlearning{String quartet}.
69 @ref{Fingering instructions},
74 @rlsr{Unfretted strings}.
76 @node Bowing indications
77 @unnumberedsubsubsec Bowing indications
82 @cindex bowing indications
83 @cindex up bow indication
84 @cindex down bow indication
86 Bowing indications are created as articulations, which are
87 described in @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}. The
88 bowing commands, @code{\upbow} and @code{\downbow}, are used with
91 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
92 c4(\downbow d) e(\upbow f)
99 @ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
103 @unnumberedsubsubsec Harmonics
107 @strong{@i{Natural harmonics}}
109 @cindex natural harmonics
110 @cindex harmonics, natural
112 Natural harmonics can be notated in several ways. A diamond-shaped
113 note head generally means to touch the string where you would stop
114 the note if it were not a diamond.
116 @warning{Harmonics @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
117 construct even if there is only a single note.}
119 @c TODO If the default for harmonicDots is changed, change this
120 Dotted harmonics indicated with @code{\harmonic} do not show the
121 dots. The context property @code{harmonicDots} should be set if
124 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
125 <d\harmonic>4 <e\harmonic>2.
126 \set harmonicDots = ##t
127 <d\harmonic>4 <e\harmonic>2.
130 Alternatively a normal note head is shown at the pitch to be
131 sounded together with a small circle to indicate it should be
132 played as a harmonic:
134 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
135 d2^\flageolet d_\flageolet
138 A smaller circle may be created, see the snippet list in
139 @ref{References for unfretted strings}.
141 @strong{@i{Artificial harmonics}}
143 @cindex artificial harmonics
144 @cindex harmonics, artifical
146 Artificial harmonics are notated with two notes, one with a normal
147 note head indicating the stopped position and one with an open
148 diamond note head to indicate the harmonic position.
150 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
151 <e a\harmonic>2 <c g'\harmonic>
159 @ref{Special note heads},
160 @ref{References for unfretted strings}.
162 @node Snap (Bartok) pizzicato
163 @unnumberedsubsubsec Snap (Bartók) pizzicato
165 @cindex pizzicato, Bartók
166 @cindex pizzicato, snap
167 @cindex Bartók pizzicato
168 @cindex snap pizzicato
172 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
173 {snap-pizzicato-markup-bartok-pizzicato.ly}