1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
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11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
15 @cindex guitar tablature
18 * Common notation for fretted strings::
23 @node Common notation for fretted strings
24 @subsection Common notation for fretted strings
27 * References for fretted strings::
28 * String number indications::
29 * Default tablatures::
32 * Right hand fingerings::
35 @node References for fretted strings
36 @subsubsection References for fretted strings
41 @node String number indications
42 @subsubsection String number indications
44 @cindex String numbers
46 The string on which a note should be played may be indicated by
47 appending @code{\@var{number}} to a note inside a chord construct
50 @warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
51 construct even if there is only a single note.}
53 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
58 Although @ref{Fingering instructions} are covered in detail elsewhere,
59 it is worth noting here how fingerings and string indications behave
60 together, since guitar music often incorporates both at once. The
61 usual convention is to place the fingering closest to the note, then
62 the string indication outside the fingering. This is controlled by
63 the order in which the two items appear:
65 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
72 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
73 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
78 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
81 @rinternals{StringNumber},
82 @rinternals{Fingering}.
86 @node Default tablatures
87 @subsubsection Default tablatures
88 @cindex Tablatures, basic
89 @cindex Tablatures, default
91 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
92 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
93 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
94 LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
96 The string number associated to a note is given as a backslash
97 followed by a number, e.g., @code{c4\3} for a C quarter on the third
98 string. By default, string 1 is the highest one, and the tuning
99 defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings). The notes
100 are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
101 @code{TabVoice} contexts
103 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
110 @funindex minimumFret
114 When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to the lowest string
115 that can generate the note with a fret number greater than or equal to
116 @code{minimumFret} is selected. The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
119 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
121 \new Staff \relative c' {
125 \new TabStaff \relative c {
127 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #5
135 To print tablatures with stems down and horizontal beams,
136 initialize the @code{TabStaff} with this code:
140 \override Beam #'damping = #100000
145 Internals Reference: @rinternals{TabNoteHead}, @rinternals{TabStaff}, @rinternals{TabVoice}.
149 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
150 string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in a
153 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
154 specially-created voices:
156 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
157 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
160 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
161 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
162 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
163 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
170 @node Custom tablatures
171 @subsubsection Custom tablatures
172 @cindex Tablatures, custom
174 You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
175 a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
176 being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to middle C) of an
177 open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTunings} are the
178 numbers of semitones to subtract or add, starting the specified pitch
179 by default middle C, in string order. LilyPond automatically calculates
180 the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTunings}.
183 @code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches e, a, d, and g
185 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
187 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(-5 -10 -15 -20)
189 a,4 c' a e' e c' a e'
194 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin, guitar
198 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
201 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning} (the standard EADGBE
203 Some other predefined tunings are @code{guitar-open-g-tuning},
204 @code{mandolin-tuning} and @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}.
208 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains the predefined string
210 Internals Reference: @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
214 No guitar special effects have been implemented.
219 @subsubsection Fret diagrams
220 @cindex fret diagrams
221 @cindex chord diagrams
223 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired note.
224 The markup contains information about the desired fret diagram.
225 There are three different fret-diagram markup interfaces: standard, terse,
226 and verbose. The three interfaces produce equivalent markups, but have
227 varying amounts of information in the markup string. Details about the
228 markup interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
230 The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup interfaces,
231 along with examples of common tweaks. For example, the size of the verbose
232 fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the finger indications are specified
233 to appear below the diagram. The terse diagram includes tweaks to
234 specify placement of finger code and color of dots.
236 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
238 d'^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
240 fis'^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
241 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
242 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
251 c'^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
252 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
253 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
254 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
262 You can set a number of graphical properties according to your preference.
263 Details about the property interface to fret diagrams are found at
264 @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
271 @node Right hand fingerings
272 @subsubsection Right hand fingerings
274 Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} can be entered using
275 @code{<@var{note}-\rightHandFinger @var{finger} >}.
276 The right-hand fingering indication must occur within a @code{<>} chord
277 construct for it to be printed in the score, even if it is a single note.
278 There must be a hyphen after the note and a space before the closing @code{>}.
281 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
283 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
284 <e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
285 <g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
286 <c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
287 <c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
291 For convenience, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
292 short, for example @code{RH},
295 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
298 @cindex fingerings, right hand, for guitar
299 @cindex right hand fingerings for guitar
303 You may exercise greater control over the placement of right-hand
304 fingerings by setting @code{strokeFingerOrientations},
306 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
307 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
309 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up down)
310 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
311 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up right down)
312 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
316 The letters used for the fingerings are contained in the property
317 @code{digit-names}, but they can also be set individually by supplying
318 @code{\rightHandFinger} with a string argument, as in the following example
321 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
322 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
324 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(right)
325 \override StrokeFinger #'digit-names = ##("x" "y" "z" "!" "@")
333 This example combines left-hand fingering, string indication, and
336 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
337 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
348 Internals Reference: @rinternals{StrokeFinger}
354 @c TODO Make a snippet based on
355 @c http://www.nabble.com/Creating-a-nice-formatted-Chords-%2B-Lyrics-layout-for-guitar-players-to13829430.html
356 @c and include it somewhere -td
359 * Guitar tablatures::
360 * Indicating position and barring::
363 @node Guitar tablatures
364 @subsubsection Guitar tablatures
369 @node Indicating position and barring
370 @subsubsection Indicating position and barring
372 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
375 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
379 \override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
381 b16 e16 g16 e16 b16 g16\stopTextSpan
386 Stopped (X) note heads are used in guitar music to signal a place where the
387 guitarist must play a certain note or chord, with its fingers just
388 touching the strings instead of fully pressing them. This gives the sound a
389 percussive noise-like sound that still maintains part of the original
390 pitch. It is notated with cross note heads; this is
391 demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
397 @menu Banjo tablatures
401 @node Banjo tablatures
402 @subsubsection Banjo tablatures
403 @cindex Banjo tablatures
405 LilyPond has basic support for five stringed banjo. When making tablatures
406 for five stringed banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
408 fret numbers for the fifth string:
410 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
412 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
413 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
416 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
417 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
423 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
424 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
425 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
428 These tunings may be converted to four string banjo tunings using the
429 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
432 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
437 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.