1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
14 @lilypondfile[quote]{fretted-headword.ly}
16 This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are unique
17 to fretted string instruments.
20 @cindex tablature, guitar
21 @cindex tablature, banjo
22 @cindex guitar tablature
23 @cindex banjo tablature
26 * Common notation for fretted strings::
31 @node Common notation for fretted strings
32 @subsection Common notation for fretted strings
34 This section discusses common notation that is unique
35 to fretted string instruments.
38 * References for fretted strings::
39 * String number indications::
40 * Default tablatures::
42 * Fret diagram markups::
43 * Predefined fret diagrams::
44 * Automatic fret diagrams::
45 * Right-hand fingerings::
48 @node References for fretted strings
49 @unnumberedsubsubsec References for fretted strings
51 Music for fretted string instruments is normally notated on
52 a single staff, either in traditional music notation or in
53 tablature. Sometimes the two types are combined, and it is
54 especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
55 a staff of traditional notation. The guitar and the banjo are
56 transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
57 Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef.
58 Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
59 are covered elsewhere:
62 @item Fingerings are indicated with @ref{Fingering instructions}.
64 @item Instructions for @notation{Laissez vibrer} ties
65 as well as ties on arpeggios and tremolos is described in
68 @item Instructions on handling multiple voices is described
69 in @ref{Collision resolution}.
76 @ref{Fingering instructions},
78 @ref{Collision resolution},
79 @ref{Instrument names},
80 @ref{Writing music in parallel},
82 @ref{List of articulations},
85 @node String number indications
86 @unnumberedsubsubsec String number indications
88 @cindex string numbers
89 @cindex string vs. fingering numbers
90 @cindex fingering vs. string numbers
92 The string on which a note should be played may be indicated by
93 appending @code{\@var{number}} to a note inside a chord construct
96 @warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
97 construct even if there is only a single note.}
99 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=0]
105 When fingerings and string indications are used together, their
106 placement is controlled by the order in which the two items appear
109 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
117 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
118 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
120 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
121 {allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff.ly}
126 @ref{Fingering instructions}.
129 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
132 @rinternals{StringNumber},
133 @rinternals{Fingering}.
136 @node Default tablatures
137 @unnumberedsubsubsec Default tablatures
139 @cindex tablatures, basic
140 @cindex tablatures, default
145 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
146 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
147 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
148 LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
150 The string number associated with a note is given as a backslash
151 followed by a number. By default, string 1 is the highest,
152 and the tuning defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings).
153 The notes are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
154 @code{TabVoice} contexts
156 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
163 @funindex minimumFret
168 When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to
169 the lowest string that can generate the note with a fret number
170 greater than or equal to the value of @code{minimumFret}.
171 The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
174 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
176 \new Staff \relative c {
181 \new TabStaff \relative c {
183 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #5
189 @cindex harmonic indications in tablature notation
190 @cindex tablature and harmonic indications
191 @cindex slides in tablature notation
192 @cindex tablature and slides
194 Harmonic indications and slides can be added to tablature
197 @lilypond[fragment, verbatim, quote, relative=1]
200 <c g'\harmonic> d\2\glissando e\2
208 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
209 {stem-and-beam-behavior-in-tablature.ly}
211 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
212 {polyphony-in-tablature.ly}
220 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
223 @rinternals{TabNoteHead},
224 @rinternals{TabStaff},
225 @rinternals{TabVoice},
230 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
231 string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in
234 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
235 specially-created voices:
237 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
238 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
241 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
242 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
243 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
244 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
250 Guitar special effects are limited to harmonics and slides.
252 @node Custom tablatures
253 @unnumberedsubsubsec Custom tablatures
255 @cindex tablatures, custom
256 @cindex tablature, banjo
257 @cindex tablature, mandolin
258 @cindex tablature, bass guitar
259 @cindex tablature, predefined string tunings
260 @cindex fretted instruments, predefined string tunings
261 @cindex predefined string tunings for fretted instruments
263 @funindex StringTunings
265 LilyPond tabulature automatically calculates the fret for
266 a note based on the string to which the note is assigned.
267 In order to do this, the tuning of the strings must be
268 specified. The tuning of the strings is given in the
269 @code{StringTunings} property.
271 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin,
272 guitar and bass guitar. Lilypond automatically sets the correct
273 transposition for predefined tunings. The following example is
274 for bass guitar, which sounds an octave lower than written.
276 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
285 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
293 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning}, which
294 is the standard EADGBE tuning. Some other predefined tunings are
295 @code{guitar-open-g-tuning}, @code{mandolin-tuning} and
296 @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}. The predefined string tunings
297 are found in @code{scm/output-lib.scm}.
299 A string tuning is a Scheme list of string pitches,
300 one for each string, ordered by string number from 1 to N,
301 where string 1 is at the top of the tablature staff and
302 string N is at the bottom. This ordinarily results in ordering
303 from highest pitch to lowest pitch, but some instruments
304 (e.g. ukulele) do not have strings ordered by pitch.
306 A string pitch in a string tuning list is the pitch difference
307 of the open string from middle C measured in semitones. The
308 string pitch must be an integer. Lilypond calculates the actual
309 pitch of the string by adding the string tuning pitch to the
310 actual pitch for middle C.
312 LilyPond automatically calculates the number of strings in the
313 @code{TabStaff} as the number of elements in @code{stringTunings}.
315 Any desired string tuning can be created. For example, we can
316 define a string tuning for a four-string instrument with pitches
317 of @code{a''}, @code{d''}, @code{g'}, and @code{c'}:
320 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
332 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(21 14 7 0)
341 @file{scm/output-lib.scm}.
344 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
347 @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
350 @node Fret diagram markups
351 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fret diagram markups
353 @cindex fret diagrams
354 @cindex chord diagrams
355 @cindex diagrams, fret
356 @cindex diagrams, chord for fretted instruments
357 @cindex fret diagrams, custom
358 @cindex custom fret diagrams
360 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired
361 note. The markup contains information about the desired fret
362 diagram. There are three different fret-diagram markup
363 interfaces: standard, terse, and verbose. The three interfaces
364 produce equivalent markups, but have varying amounts of
365 information in the markup string. Details about the markup
366 interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
368 The standard fret diagram markup string indicates the string
369 number and the fret number for each dot to be placed on the string.
370 In addition, open and unplayed (muted) strings can be indicated.
372 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
374 \context ChordNames {
381 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
382 \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
383 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
384 \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
389 @cindex barre indications
391 Barre indications can be added to the diagram from
392 the fret-diagram markup string.
394 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
396 \context ChordNames {
403 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
404 \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
405 < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
406 \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-3;6-3;5-5;4-5;3-4;2-3;1-3;"
411 @cindex fret-diagram markup
413 @funindex fret-diagram
414 @funindex \fret-diagram
416 The size of the fret diagram, and the number of frets in the diagram
417 can be changed in the fret-diagram markup string.
419 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
421 \context ChordNames {
428 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
429 \fret-diagram #"s:1.5;c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
430 < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
431 \fret-diagram #"h:6;6-3;5-2;4-o;3-o;2-o;1-3;"
436 The number of strings in a fret diagram can be changed to accomodate
437 different instruments such as banjos and ukeleles with the fret-diagram
440 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
442 \context ChordNames {
448 %% A chord for ukelele
449 a'1 ^\markup \fret-diagram #"w:4;4-2-2;3-1-1;2-o;1-o;"
454 Fingering indications can be added, and the location of fingering labels
455 can be controlled by the fret-diagram markup string.
457 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
459 \context ChordNames {
466 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
467 \fret-diagram #"f:1;6-x;5-3-3;4-2-2;3-o;2-1-1;1-o;"
468 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
469 \fret-diagram #"f:2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2-2;2-3-3;1-1-1;"
474 Dot radius and dot position can be controlled with the fret-diagram
477 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
479 \context ChordNames {
486 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
487 \fret-diagram #"d:0.35;6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
488 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
489 \fret-diagram #"p:0.2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
494 @cindex fret-diagram-terse markup
496 @funindex fret-diagram-terse
497 @funindex \fret-diagram-terse
499 The fret-diagram-terse markup string omits string numbers; the string
500 number is implied by the presence of semicolons. There is one semicolon
501 for each string in the diagram. The first semicolon corresponds to the
502 highest string number and the last semicolon corresponds to the first string.
503 Mute strings, open strings, and fret numbers can be indicated.
505 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
507 \context ChordNames {
514 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
515 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3;2;o;1;o;"
516 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
517 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2;3;1;"
522 Barre indicators can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
524 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
526 \context ChordNames {
533 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
534 \fret-diagram-terse #"1-(;3;3;2;1;1-);"
535 < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
536 \fret-diagram-terse #"3-(;5;5;4;3;3-);"
541 Fingering indications can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
543 @c Need to use override to enable fingerings to show this -- can we do so?
544 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
546 \context ChordNames {
552 \override Voice.TextScript
553 #'fret-diagram-details #'finger-code = #'below-string
555 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
556 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-3;2-2;o;1-1;o;"
557 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
558 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2-2;3-3;1-1;"
563 Other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override} when using
564 the fret-diagram-terse markup.
566 @cindex fret-diagram-verbose markup
568 @funindex fret-diagram-verbose
569 @funindex \fret-diagram-verbose
571 The fret-diagram-verbose markup string is in the format of a Scheme list. Each
572 element of the list indicates an item to be placed on the fret diagram.
574 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
575 << \context ChordNames {
582 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
583 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
591 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
592 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
604 Fingering indications and barres can be included in a
605 fret-diagram-verbose markup string.
607 @c \override is necessary to make fingering visible
608 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
610 \context ChordNames {
617 \override Voice.TextScript
618 #'fret-diagram-details #'finger-code = #'below-string
620 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
621 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
630 < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
631 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
643 All other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override}
644 when using the fret-diagram-verbose markup.
647 The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup
648 interfaces, along with examples of common tweaks. For example,
649 the size of the verbose fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the
650 finger indications are specified to appear below the diagram. The
651 terse diagram includes tweaks to specify placement of finger code
654 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
657 d^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
659 fis^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
660 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
661 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
670 c^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
671 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
672 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
673 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
682 @cindex customized fret diagram
683 @cindex fret diagram, customized
684 @cindex diagram, fret, customized
686 @funindex fret-diagram-interface
688 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
689 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
690 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a fret diagram
691 markup, the interface properties belong to @code{Voice.TextScript}.
695 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
696 {customizing-markup-fret-diagrams.ly}
702 @ref{Text markup commands}.
705 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
708 @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
710 @node Predefined fret diagrams
711 @unnumberedsubsubsec Predefined fret diagrams
714 @cindex fret diagrams
715 @cindex chord diagrams
718 @funindex stringTunings
720 Fret diagrams can be displayed using the @code{FretBoards} context. By
721 default, the @code{FretBoards} context will display fret diagrams that
722 are stored in a lookup table:
724 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
725 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
726 \context FretBoards {
733 The default predefined fret diagrams are contained in the file
734 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}. Fret diagrams are
735 stored based on the pitches of a chord and the value of
736 @code{stringTunings} that is currently in use.
737 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly} contains predefined
738 fret diagrams only for @code{guitar-tuning}. Predefined fret
739 diagrams can be added for other instruments or other tunings
740 by following the examples found in
741 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
743 Chord pitches can be entered
744 either as simultaneous music or using chord mode (see
745 @ref{Chord mode overview}).
747 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right,quote]
748 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
749 \context FretBoards {
755 @cindex chord names with fret diagrams
756 @cindex fret diagrams with chord names
762 It is common that both chord names and fret diagrams are displayed together.
763 This is achieved by putting a @code{ChordNames} context in parallel with
764 a @code{FretBoards} context and giving both contexts the same music.
766 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
767 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
768 mychords = \chordmode{
773 \context ChordNames {
776 \context FretBoards {
782 @cindex transposing fret diagrams
783 @cindex fret diagrams, transposing
784 @cindex diagrams, fret, transposing
786 Predefined fret diagrams are transposable, as long as a diagram for the
787 transposed chord is stored in the fret diagram table.
789 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
790 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
791 mychords = \chordmode{
797 \transpose c e { \mychords}
800 \context ChordNames {
803 \context FretBoards {
810 The predefined fret diagram table contains seven chords (major, minor,
811 augmented, diminished, dominant seventh, major seventh, minor seventh)
812 for each of 17 keys. A complete list of the predefined fret diagrams is
813 shown in @ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}. If there is no entry in
814 the table for a chord, the FretBoards engraver will calculate a
815 fret-diagram using the automatic fret diagram functionality described in
816 @ref{Automatic fret diagrams}.
818 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
819 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
820 mychords = \chordmode{
825 \context ChordNames {
828 \context FretBoards {
834 @cindex fret diagrams, adding custom
835 @cindex custom fret diagrams, adding
836 @cindex adding custom fret diagrams
838 Fret diagrams can be added to the fret diagram table. To add a diagram,
839 you must specify the chord for the diagram, the tuning to be used, and the
840 fret-diagram-terse definition string for the diagram.
842 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
843 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
845 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c:9}
847 #"x;3-2;2-1;3-3;3-4;x;"
849 mychords = \chordmode{
854 \context ChordNames {
857 \context FretBoards {
863 Different fret diagrams for the same chord name can be stored using different
866 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
867 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
869 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c'}
871 #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'bes))
873 mychords = \chordmode{
878 \context ChordNames {
881 \context FretBoards {
887 @cindex fretted instruments, chord shapes
888 @cindex chord shapes for fretted instruments
890 @funindex \addChordShape
891 @funindex add ChordShape
892 @funindex storePredefinedDiagram
893 @funindex \storePredefinedDiagram
895 In addition to fret diagrams, LilyPond stores an internal list of chord
896 shapes. The chord shapes are fret diagrams that can be shifted along
897 the neck to different posistions to provide different chords. Chord
898 shapes can be added to the internal list and then used to define
899 predefined fret diagrams.
901 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
902 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
904 % add a new chord shape
906 \addChordShape #'powerf #"1-1;3-3;3-4;x;x;x;"
908 % add some new chords based on the power chord shape
910 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {f'}
912 #(chord-shape 'powerf)
913 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {g'}
915 #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'powerf))
917 mychords = \chordmode{
922 \context ChordNames {
925 \context FretBoards {
931 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
932 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
933 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
934 predefined fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
935 @code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
939 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
940 {customizing-fretboard-fret-diagrams.ly}
946 @ref{Custom tablatures},
947 @ref{Automatic fret diagrams},
948 @ref{Chord mode overview},
949 @ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}.
952 @file{ly/predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly},
953 @file{ly/predefined-guitar-ninth-fretboards.ly}.
956 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
959 @rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
962 @node Automatic fret diagrams
963 @unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic fret diagrams
965 @cindex fret diagrams, automatic
966 @cindex chord diagrams, automatic
967 @cindex automatic fret diagrams
968 @cindex automatic chord diagrams
970 Fret diagrams can be automatically created from entered notes using the
971 @code{FretBoards} context. If no predefined diagram is available for
972 the entered notes in the active @code{stringTunings}, this context
973 calculates strings and frets that can be used to play the notes.
975 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
977 \context ChordNames {
982 \context FretBoards {
994 @funindex predefinedFretboardsOff
995 @funindex \predefinedFretboardsOff
996 @funindex predefinedFretboardsOn
997 @funindex \predefinedFretboardsOn
999 As no predefined diagrams are loaded by default, automatic calculation
1000 of fret diagrams is the default behavior. Once default diagrams are
1001 loaded, automatic calculation can be enabled and disabled with predefined
1004 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
1006 \storePredefinedDiagram <c e g c' e'>
1008 #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-1);"
1010 \context ChordNames {
1015 \context FretBoards {
1017 \predefinedFretboardsOff
1019 \predefinedFretboardsOn
1033 Sometimes the fretboard calculator will be unable to find
1034 an accceptable diagram. This can often be remedied by
1035 manually assigning a note to a string. In many cases, only one
1036 note need be manually placed on a string; the rest of
1037 the notes will then be placed appropriately by the @code{FretBoards}
1040 @cindex fret diagrams, adding fingerings
1041 @cindex fingerings, adding to fret diagrams
1043 Fingerings can be added to FretBoard fret diagrams.
1045 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
1047 \context ChordNames {
1052 \context FretBoards {
1053 < c-3 e-2 g c'-1 e' > 1
1064 The minimum fret to be used in calculating strings and frets for
1065 the FretBoard context can be set with the @code{minimumFret}
1068 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
1070 \context ChordNames {
1075 \context FretBoards {
1077 \set FretBoards.minimumFret = #5
1088 The strings and frets for the @code{FretBoards} context depend
1089 on the @code{stringTunings} property, which has the same meaning
1090 as in the TabStaff context. See @ref{Custom tablatures} for
1091 information on the @code{stringTunings} property.
1093 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
1094 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
1095 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
1096 @code{FretBoards} fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
1097 @code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
1100 @code{\predefinedFretboardsOff},
1101 @code{\predefinedFretboardsOn}.
1106 @ref{Custom tablatures}.
1109 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1111 Internals Reference:
1112 @rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
1115 @node Right-hand fingerings
1116 @unnumberedsubsubsec Right-hand fingerings
1118 @cindex fretted instruments, right hand fingerings
1119 @cindex fingerings, right hand for fretted instruments
1120 @cindex right hand fingerings for fretted instruments
1122 @funindex rightHandFinger
1123 @funindex \rightHandFinger
1125 Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
1126 chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
1127 even when applied to a single note.
1129 @warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen after the note and a space
1130 before the closing @code{>}.}
1132 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=0]
1134 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
1135 <e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
1136 <g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
1137 <c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
1138 <c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2
1139 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
1142 For convenience, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
1143 short, for example @code{RH},
1146 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
1152 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1153 {placement-of-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
1155 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1156 {fingerings,-string-indications,-and-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
1161 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1163 Internals Reference:
1164 @rinternals{StrokeFinger}.
1170 Most of the notational issues associated with guitar music are
1171 covered sufficiently in the general fretted strings section, but there
1172 are a few more worth covering here. Occasionally users want to
1173 create songbook-type documents having only lyrics with chord
1174 indications above them. Since Lilypond is a music typesetter,
1175 it is not recommended for documents that have no music notation
1176 in them. A better alternative is a word processor, text editor,
1177 or, for experienced users, a typesetter like GuitarTeX.
1180 * Indicating position and barring::
1181 * Indicating harmonics and dampened notes::
1184 @node Indicating position and barring
1185 @unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating position and barring
1187 @cindex indicating position and barring for fretted instruments
1188 @cindex fretted instruments, indicating position and barring
1190 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
1191 barring indications.
1193 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
1197 \override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
1199 b16 e g e b g\stopTextSpan
1206 @ref{Text spanners}.
1209 @rlsr{Fretted strings},
1210 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1212 @node Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
1213 @unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
1215 @cindex fretted instruments, dampened notes
1216 @cindex fretted instruments, harmonics
1217 @cindex dampened notes on fretted instruments
1218 @cindex harmonics on fretted instruments
1220 Special note heads can be used to indicate dampened notes or
1221 harmonics. Harmonics are normally further explained with a
1224 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
1227 \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'cross
1229 \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic-mixed
1230 d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
1237 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1240 @ref{Special note heads},
1241 @ref{Note head styles}.
1247 * Banjo tablatures::
1250 @node Banjo tablatures
1251 @unnumberedsubsubsec Banjo tablatures
1253 @cindex banjo tablatures
1254 @cindex tablature, banjo
1256 LilyPond has basic support for the five-string banjo. When making tablatures
1257 for five-string banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
1258 correct fret numbers for the fifth string:
1260 @c due to crazy intervals of banjo music, absolute pitch is recommended
1262 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
1264 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
1265 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
1268 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
1269 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
1275 @cindex banjo tunings
1276 @cindex tunings, banjo
1278 @funindex banjo-c-tuning
1279 @funindex banjo-modal-tuning
1280 @funindex banjo-open-d-tuning
1281 @funindex banjo-open-dm-tuning
1282 @funindex four-string-banjo
1284 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
1285 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
1286 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
1289 These tunings may be converted to four-string banjo tunings using the
1290 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
1293 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
1299 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1301 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.