1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
6 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
7 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
8 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
11 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
14 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
19 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
20 already the specified root.
22 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
24 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
25 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
27 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
30 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
31 translation of tip labels.
33 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
34 a single tree with no edge lengths.
39 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
42 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
45 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
50 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
55 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
56 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
57 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
60 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
61 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
63 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
64 help page for details.
66 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
67 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
69 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
75 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
78 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
79 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
81 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
84 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
85 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
87 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
89 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
91 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
92 as well and is faster.
96 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
101 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
103 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
104 states by generalized least squares in ace().
106 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
108 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
113 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
118 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
121 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
122 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
124 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
125 than in plot.default().
130 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
133 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
134 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
135 worked already for thermometers).
137 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
142 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
143 as well as a character string.
145 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
148 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
149 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
150 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
151 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
152 correctly when extracting trees.
156 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
161 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
163 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
164 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
169 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
170 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
175 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
176 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
178 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
179 are loaded only when needed.
183 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
188 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
189 tree using the mouse.
191 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
192 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
194 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
195 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
196 an object of class "DNAbin".
198 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
199 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
201 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
202 as its main argument.
204 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
205 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
206 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
211 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
212 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
213 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
214 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
216 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
217 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
220 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
221 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
226 o The code of mlphylo() has almost entirely rewritten, and should
227 be much stabler. The options have been also greatly simplified
228 (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
230 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
232 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
235 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
238 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
239 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
240 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
243 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
249 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
254 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
257 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
261 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
266 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
269 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
272 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
273 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
278 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
281 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
284 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
285 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
287 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
288 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
291 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
294 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
295 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
299 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
304 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
305 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
306 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
307 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
309 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
310 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
313 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
314 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
315 multichotomous nodes.
317 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
318 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
319 keeping the names and the class.
324 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
325 an error message is now returned.
327 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
332 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
337 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
338 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
340 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
341 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
342 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
343 should be much faster.
348 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
349 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
351 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
352 object is now returned unchanged.
356 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
361 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
362 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
367 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
368 object when reading multiple trees.
370 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
373 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
375 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
377 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
379 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
380 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
384 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
389 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
390 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
392 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
393 new binary and the character formats.
395 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
396 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
399 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
400 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
406 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
408 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
409 the default setting: this is fixed.
411 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
412 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
417 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
418 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
419 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
420 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
421 ca. 60 times faster).
425 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
430 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
432 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
433 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
434 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
436 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
437 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
439 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
440 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
443 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
444 invariants: this is fixed.
448 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
453 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
454 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
459 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
460 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
462 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
464 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
465 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
466 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
468 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
469 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
473 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
478 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
479 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
481 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
482 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
483 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
488 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
490 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
492 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
493 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
495 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
501 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
502 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
503 format are still returned in a list.
505 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
506 it could not be used from the generic.
511 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
516 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
521 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
522 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
524 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
525 unrooted tree in most cases.
527 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
528 particularly of the BX-series.
530 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
535 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
540 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
541 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
542 displayed in a compact and informative way.
544 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
545 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
548 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
549 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
551 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
552 available to compute branch lengths.
554 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
559 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
560 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
562 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
565 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
566 models: this is fixed.
568 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
569 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
570 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
571 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
573 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
574 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
575 the help page of this function has been expanded.
580 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
581 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
582 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
583 functions has been improved.
585 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
586 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
588 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
590 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
591 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
593 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
594 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
597 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
599 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
602 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
604 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
608 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
613 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
614 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
615 sequences in NEXUS files.
617 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
618 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
621 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
624 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
630 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
631 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
633 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
634 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
635 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
637 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
642 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
647 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
650 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
651 single descendant from a tree.
653 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
656 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
657 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
662 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
663 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
665 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
666 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
667 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
669 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
670 of freedom: this is fixed.
672 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
673 a data frame: this is fixed.
675 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
676 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
681 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
682 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
687 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
692 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
693 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
695 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
696 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
697 segments showing the AIC values.
699 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
700 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
701 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
702 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
704 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
705 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
706 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
707 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
712 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
715 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
716 in the tree: this is fixed.
718 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
719 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
721 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
722 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
724 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
725 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
727 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
728 the calculation of P-values.
730 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
731 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
735 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
740 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
741 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
742 is used to define the substitution model which may include
743 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
744 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
745 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
746 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
747 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
749 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
750 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
751 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
757 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
758 though with no consequence.
762 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
767 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
768 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
769 documented on the same help page.
774 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
775 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
776 boot.phylo, or consensus.
778 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
779 more than one element: this is fixed.
781 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
784 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
785 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
786 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
791 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
792 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
793 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
797 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
802 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
803 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
805 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
808 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
809 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
811 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
812 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
815 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
816 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
818 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
820 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
821 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
823 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
825 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
826 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
828 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
829 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
830 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
832 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
833 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
835 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
836 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
839 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
844 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
845 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
847 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
850 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
851 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
852 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
853 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
854 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
856 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
859 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
860 was not always correctly dispatched.
862 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
863 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
868 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
870 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
874 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
877 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
878 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
879 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
881 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
882 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
883 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
886 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
889 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
890 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
891 inter-nodes distances.
893 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
894 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
896 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
897 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
899 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
900 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
901 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
902 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
903 3) are now handled correctly.
905 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
906 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
907 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
908 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
910 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
911 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
912 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
913 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
915 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
916 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
918 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
919 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
925 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
927 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
928 they are now considered as missing data.
930 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
933 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
934 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
936 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
939 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
942 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
943 rooted and unrooted trees.
945 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
948 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
952 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
957 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
960 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
961 phylogeny estimation.
963 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
964 bipartitions from a series of trees.
969 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
970 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
971 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
976 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
978 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
980 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
981 lengths: this is fixed.
983 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
988 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
993 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
994 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
995 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
996 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
997 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
999 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1000 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1002 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1003 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1005 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1006 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1007 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1008 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1009 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1010 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1011 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1012 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1014 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1015 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1016 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1019 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1021 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1022 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1027 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1030 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1031 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1032 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1034 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1040 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1041 which there is a print method.
1045 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1050 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1051 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1054 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1055 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1057 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1058 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1061 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1064 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1065 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1067 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1068 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1071 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1072 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1073 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1074 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1076 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1077 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1080 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1081 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1082 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1084 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1085 edge lengths into account.
1087 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1088 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1089 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1094 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1095 crashing. This is fixed.
1097 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1098 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1101 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1106 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1107 replaced by a C code.
1111 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1116 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1117 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1119 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1120 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1121 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1122 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1127 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1132 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1133 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1134 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1135 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1136 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1138 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1139 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1140 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1141 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1143 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1144 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1145 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1146 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1147 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1148 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1150 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1151 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1153 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1156 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1157 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1160 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1161 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1163 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1166 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1167 a tree according to a specified method.
1169 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1170 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1171 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1172 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1173 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1178 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1179 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1180 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1181 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1182 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1183 have been clarified on this point.
1187 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1192 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1193 to a specified outgroup.
1195 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1197 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1198 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1199 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1200 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1201 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1202 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1203 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1205 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1210 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1211 lengths: this is fixed.
1213 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1214 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1218 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
1223 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
1224 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
1225 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
1227 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
1233 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
1238 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
1239 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
1243 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
1248 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
1249 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
1250 speciation and extinction rates.
1255 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
1256 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
1260 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
1265 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
1266 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
1267 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
1268 MCMC have been introduced.
1270 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
1271 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
1275 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
1280 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
1281 without branch lengths.
1283 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
1284 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
1285 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
1286 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
1291 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
1294 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
1295 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
1300 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
1301 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
1303 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
1308 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
1313 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
1314 sample of DNA sequences.
1319 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
1322 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
1327 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
1332 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
1333 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
1338 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
1339 comment blocks were not read correctly.
1341 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
1342 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
1343 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
1344 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
1345 a warning message is now issued.
1349 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
1354 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
1355 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
1356 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
1357 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
1358 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
1359 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
1360 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
1361 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
1362 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
1363 see the respective help pages for details.
1365 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
1366 focusing on a small portion of it.
1368 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
1369 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
1371 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
1372 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
1373 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
1374 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
1375 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
1376 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
1377 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
1378 way. The help page has been extended.
1380 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
1385 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
1386 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
1388 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
1390 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
1391 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
1393 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
1398 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
1399 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
1400 the corresponding generic function.
1402 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
1403 since gamma() is a generic function.
1407 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
1412 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
1413 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
1414 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
1415 vector of length 4 is always returned).
1417 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
1418 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
1419 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
1424 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
1429 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
1430 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
1432 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
1433 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
1439 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
1441 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
1442 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
1443 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
1444 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
1445 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
1447 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
1451 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
1456 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
1458 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
1459 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
1463 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
1468 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
1469 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
1470 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
1471 the function klastorin()).
1473 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
1474 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
1475 as.phylo for details).
1477 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
1478 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
1479 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
1480 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
1481 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
1483 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
1484 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
1486 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
1487 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
1488 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
1489 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
1490 (this behaviour was undocumented).
1492 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
1493 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
1494 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
1496 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
1497 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
1499 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
1500 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
1501 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
1506 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
1508 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
1510 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
1511 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
1515 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
1520 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
1521 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
1523 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
1526 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
1527 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
1529 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
1530 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
1532 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
1534 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
1535 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
1536 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
1537 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
1539 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
1540 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
1541 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
1543 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
1544 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
1545 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
1546 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
1548 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
1549 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
1551 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1552 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
1556 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
1561 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
1565 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
1570 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
1571 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
1573 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
1574 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
1577 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
1580 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
1582 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
1583 as well as some methods are introduced.
1585 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
1586 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
1587 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
1588 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
1590 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1591 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
1592 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
1593 Democratic Republic of Congo.
1596 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1598 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
1599 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
1604 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
1605 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
1606 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
1607 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
1609 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
1612 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.