1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
6 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
12 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
13 'check.labels = TRUE'.
18 o The data sets bird.orders and bird.families are now stored as
19 Newick strings; e.g., the command data(bird.orders) calls
24 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
29 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
30 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
31 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
32 characters, and so on.
34 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
37 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
42 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
43 already the specified root.
45 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
47 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
48 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
50 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
53 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
54 translation of tip labels.
56 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
57 a single tree with no edge lengths.
59 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
64 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
67 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
70 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
75 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
80 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
81 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
82 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
85 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
86 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
88 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
89 help page for details.
91 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
92 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
94 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
100 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
103 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
104 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
106 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
109 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
110 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
112 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
114 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
116 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
117 as well and is faster.
121 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
126 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
128 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
129 states by generalized least squares in ace().
131 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
133 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
138 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
143 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
146 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
147 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
149 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
150 than in plot.default().
155 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
158 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
159 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
160 worked already for thermometers).
162 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
167 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
168 as well as a character string.
170 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
173 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
174 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
175 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
176 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
177 correctly when extracting trees.
181 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
186 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
188 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
189 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
194 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
195 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
200 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
201 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
203 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
204 are loaded only when needed.
208 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
213 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
214 tree using the mouse.
216 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
217 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
219 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
220 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
221 an object of class "DNAbin".
223 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
224 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
226 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
227 as its main argument.
229 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
230 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
231 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
236 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
237 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
238 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
239 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
241 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
242 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
245 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
246 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
251 o The code of mlphylo() has been almost entirely rewritten, and
252 should be much stabler. The options have been also greatly
253 simplified (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
255 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
257 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
260 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
263 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
264 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
265 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
268 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
274 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
279 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
282 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
286 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
291 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
294 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
297 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
298 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
303 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
306 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
309 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
310 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
312 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
313 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
316 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
319 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
320 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
324 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
329 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
330 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
331 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
332 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
334 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
335 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
338 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
339 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
340 multichotomous nodes.
342 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
343 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
344 keeping the names and the class.
349 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
350 an error message is now returned.
352 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
357 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
362 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
363 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
365 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
366 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
367 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
368 should be much faster.
373 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
374 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
376 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
377 object is now returned unchanged.
381 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
386 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
387 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
392 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
393 object when reading multiple trees.
395 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
398 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
400 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
402 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
404 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
405 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
409 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
414 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
415 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
417 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
418 new binary and the character formats.
420 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
421 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
424 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
425 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
431 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
433 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
434 the default setting: this is fixed.
436 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
437 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
442 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
443 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
444 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
445 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
446 ca. 60 times faster).
450 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
455 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
457 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
458 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
459 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
461 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
462 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
464 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
465 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
468 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
469 invariants: this is fixed.
473 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
478 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
479 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
484 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
485 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
487 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
489 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
490 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
491 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
493 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
494 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
498 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
503 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
504 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
506 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
507 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
508 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
513 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
515 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
517 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
518 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
520 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
526 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
527 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
528 format are still returned in a list.
530 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
531 it could not be used from the generic.
536 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
541 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
546 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
547 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
549 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
550 unrooted tree in most cases.
552 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
553 particularly of the BX-series.
555 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
560 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
565 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
566 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
567 displayed in a compact and informative way.
569 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
570 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
573 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
574 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
576 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
577 available to compute branch lengths.
579 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
584 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
585 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
587 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
590 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
591 models: this is fixed.
593 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
594 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
595 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
596 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
598 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
599 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
600 the help page of this function has been expanded.
605 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
606 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
607 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
608 functions has been improved.
610 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
611 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
613 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
615 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
616 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
618 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
619 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
622 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
624 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
627 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
629 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
633 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
638 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
639 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
640 sequences in NEXUS files.
642 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
643 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
646 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
649 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
655 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
656 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
658 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
659 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
660 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
662 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
667 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
672 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
675 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
676 single descendant from a tree.
678 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
681 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
682 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
687 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
688 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
690 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
691 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
692 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
694 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
695 of freedom: this is fixed.
697 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
698 a data frame: this is fixed.
700 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
701 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
706 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
707 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
712 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
717 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
718 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
720 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
721 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
722 segments showing the AIC values.
724 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
725 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
726 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
727 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
729 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
730 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
731 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
732 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
737 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
740 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
741 in the tree: this is fixed.
743 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
744 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
746 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
747 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
749 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
750 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
752 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
753 the calculation of P-values.
755 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
756 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
760 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
765 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
766 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
767 is used to define the substitution model which may include
768 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
769 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
770 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
771 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
772 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
774 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
775 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
776 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
782 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
783 though with no consequence.
787 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
792 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
793 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
794 documented on the same help page.
799 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
800 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
801 boot.phylo, or consensus.
803 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
804 more than one element: this is fixed.
806 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
809 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
810 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
811 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
816 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
817 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
818 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
822 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
827 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
828 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
830 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
833 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
834 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
836 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
837 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
840 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
841 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
843 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
845 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
846 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
848 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
850 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
851 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
853 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
854 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
855 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
857 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
858 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
860 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
861 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
864 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
869 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
870 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
872 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
875 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
876 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
877 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
878 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
879 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
881 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
884 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
885 was not always correctly dispatched.
887 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
888 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
893 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
895 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
899 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
902 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
903 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
904 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
906 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
907 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
908 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
911 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
914 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
915 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
916 inter-nodes distances.
918 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
919 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
921 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
922 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
924 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
925 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
926 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
927 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
928 3) are now handled correctly.
930 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
931 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
932 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
933 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
935 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
936 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
937 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
938 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
940 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
941 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
943 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
944 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
950 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
952 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
953 they are now considered as missing data.
955 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
958 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
959 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
961 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
964 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
967 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
968 rooted and unrooted trees.
970 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
973 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
977 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
982 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
985 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
986 phylogeny estimation.
988 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
989 bipartitions from a series of trees.
994 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
995 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
996 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
1001 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
1003 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
1005 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
1006 lengths: this is fixed.
1008 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1009 tree: this is fixed.
1013 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1018 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1019 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1020 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1021 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1022 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1024 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1025 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1027 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1028 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1030 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1031 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1032 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1033 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1034 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1035 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1036 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1037 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1039 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1040 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1041 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1044 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1046 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1047 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1052 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1055 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1056 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1057 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1059 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1065 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1066 which there is a print method.
1070 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1075 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1076 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1079 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1080 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1082 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1083 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1086 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1089 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1090 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1092 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1093 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1096 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1097 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1098 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1099 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1101 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1102 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1105 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1106 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1107 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1109 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1110 edge lengths into account.
1112 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1113 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1114 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1119 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1120 crashing. This is fixed.
1122 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1123 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1126 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1131 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1132 replaced by a C code.
1136 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1141 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1142 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1144 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1145 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1146 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1147 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1152 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1157 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1158 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1159 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1160 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1161 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1163 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1164 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1165 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1166 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1168 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1169 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1170 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1171 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1172 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1173 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1175 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1176 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1178 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1181 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1182 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1185 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1186 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1188 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1191 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1192 a tree according to a specified method.
1194 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1195 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1196 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1197 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1198 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1203 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1204 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1205 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1206 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1207 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1208 have been clarified on this point.
1212 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1217 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1218 to a specified outgroup.
1220 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1222 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1223 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1224 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1225 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1226 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1227 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1228 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1230 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1235 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1236 lengths: this is fixed.
1238 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1239 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1243 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
1248 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
1249 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
1250 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
1252 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
1258 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
1263 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
1264 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
1268 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
1273 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
1274 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
1275 speciation and extinction rates.
1280 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
1281 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
1285 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
1290 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
1291 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
1292 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
1293 MCMC have been introduced.
1295 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
1296 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
1300 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
1305 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
1306 without branch lengths.
1308 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
1309 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
1310 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
1311 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
1316 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
1319 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
1320 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
1325 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
1326 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
1328 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
1333 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
1338 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
1339 sample of DNA sequences.
1344 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
1347 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
1352 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
1357 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
1358 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
1363 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
1364 comment blocks were not read correctly.
1366 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
1367 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
1368 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
1369 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
1370 a warning message is now issued.
1374 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
1379 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
1380 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
1381 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
1382 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
1383 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
1384 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
1385 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
1386 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
1387 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
1388 see the respective help pages for details.
1390 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
1391 focusing on a small portion of it.
1393 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
1394 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
1396 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
1397 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
1398 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
1399 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
1400 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
1401 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
1402 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
1403 way. The help page has been extended.
1405 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
1410 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
1411 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
1413 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
1415 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
1416 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
1418 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
1423 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
1424 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
1425 the corresponding generic function.
1427 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
1428 since gamma() is a generic function.
1432 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
1437 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
1438 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
1439 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
1440 vector of length 4 is always returned).
1442 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
1443 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
1444 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
1449 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
1454 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
1455 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
1457 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
1458 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
1464 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
1466 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
1467 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
1468 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
1469 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
1470 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
1472 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
1476 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
1481 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
1483 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
1484 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
1488 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
1493 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
1494 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
1495 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
1496 the function klastorin()).
1498 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
1499 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
1500 as.phylo for details).
1502 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
1503 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
1504 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
1505 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
1506 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
1508 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
1509 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
1511 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
1512 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
1513 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
1514 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
1515 (this behaviour was undocumented).
1517 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
1518 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
1519 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
1521 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
1522 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
1524 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
1525 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
1526 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
1531 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
1533 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
1535 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
1536 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
1540 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
1545 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
1546 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
1548 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
1551 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
1552 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
1554 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
1555 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
1557 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
1559 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
1560 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
1561 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
1562 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
1564 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
1565 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
1566 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
1568 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
1569 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
1570 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
1571 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
1573 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
1574 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
1576 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1577 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
1581 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
1586 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
1590 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
1595 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
1596 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
1598 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
1599 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
1602 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
1605 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
1607 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
1608 as well as some methods are introduced.
1610 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
1611 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
1612 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
1613 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
1615 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1616 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
1617 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
1618 Democratic Republic of Congo.
1621 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1623 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
1624 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
1629 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
1630 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
1631 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
1632 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
1634 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
1637 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.