1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
6 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
7 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
8 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
11 o The new function corPagel() implements the Pagel's "lambda"
12 correlation structure.
14 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
15 help page for details.
20 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
23 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
24 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
26 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
29 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
30 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
32 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
34 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
38 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
43 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
45 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
46 states by generalized least squares in ace().
48 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
50 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
55 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
60 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
63 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
64 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
66 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
67 than in plot.default().
72 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
75 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
76 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
77 worked already for thermometers).
79 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
84 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
85 as well as a character string.
87 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
90 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
91 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
92 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
93 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
94 correctly when extracting trees.
98 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
103 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
105 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
106 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
111 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
112 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
117 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
118 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
120 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
121 are loaded only when needed.
125 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
130 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
131 tree using the mouse.
133 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
134 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
136 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
137 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
138 an object of class "DNAbin".
140 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
141 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
143 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
144 as its main argument.
146 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
147 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
148 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
153 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
154 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
155 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
156 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
158 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
159 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
162 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
163 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
168 o The code of mlphylo() has almost entirely rewritten, and should
169 be much stabler. The options have been also greatly simplified
170 (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
172 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
174 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
177 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
180 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
181 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
182 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
185 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
191 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
196 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
199 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
203 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
208 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
211 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
214 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
215 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
220 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
223 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
226 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
227 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
229 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
230 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
233 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
236 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
237 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
241 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
246 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
247 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
248 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
249 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
251 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
252 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
255 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
256 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
257 multichotomous nodes.
259 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
260 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
261 keeping the names and the class.
266 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
267 an error message is now returned.
269 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
274 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
279 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
280 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
282 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
283 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
284 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
285 should be much faster.
290 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
291 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
293 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
294 object is now returned unchanged.
298 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
303 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
304 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
309 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
310 object when reading multiple trees.
312 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
315 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
317 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
319 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
321 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
322 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
326 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
331 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
332 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
334 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
335 new binary and the character formats.
337 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
338 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
341 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
342 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
348 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
350 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
351 the default setting: this is fixed.
353 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
354 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
359 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
360 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
361 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
362 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
363 ca. 60 times faster).
367 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
372 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
374 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
375 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
376 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
378 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
379 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
381 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
382 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
385 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
386 invariants: this is fixed.
390 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
395 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
396 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
401 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
402 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
404 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
406 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
407 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
408 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
410 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
411 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
415 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
420 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
421 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
423 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
424 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
425 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
430 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
432 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
434 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
435 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
437 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
443 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
444 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
445 format are still returned in a list.
447 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
448 it could not be used from the generic.
453 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
458 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
463 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
464 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
466 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
467 unrooted tree in most cases.
469 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
470 particularly of the BX-series.
472 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
477 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
482 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
483 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
484 displayed in a compact and informative way.
486 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
487 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
490 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
491 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
493 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
494 available to compute branch lengths.
496 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
501 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
502 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
504 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
507 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
508 models: this is fixed.
510 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
511 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
512 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
513 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
515 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
516 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
517 the help page of this function has been expanded.
522 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
523 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
524 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
525 functions has been improved.
527 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
528 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
530 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
532 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
533 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
535 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
536 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
539 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
541 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
544 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
546 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
550 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
555 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
556 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
557 sequences in NEXUS files.
559 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
560 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
563 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
566 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
572 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
573 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
575 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
576 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
577 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
579 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
584 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
589 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
592 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
593 single descendant from a tree.
595 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
598 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
599 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
604 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
605 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
607 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
608 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
609 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
611 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
612 of freedom: this is fixed.
614 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
615 a data frame: this is fixed.
617 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
618 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
623 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
624 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
629 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
634 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
635 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
637 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
638 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
639 segments showing the AIC values.
641 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
642 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
643 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
644 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
646 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
647 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
648 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
649 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
654 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
657 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
658 in the tree: this is fixed.
660 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
661 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
663 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
664 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
666 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
667 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
669 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
670 the calculation of P-values.
672 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
673 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
677 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
682 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
683 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
684 is used to define the substitution model which may include
685 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
686 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
687 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
688 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
689 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
691 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
692 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
693 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
699 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
700 though with no consequence.
704 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
709 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
710 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
711 documented on the same help page.
716 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
717 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
718 boot.phylo, or consensus.
720 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
721 more than one element: this is fixed.
723 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
726 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
727 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
728 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
733 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
734 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
735 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
739 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
744 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
745 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
747 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
750 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
751 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
753 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
754 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
757 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
758 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
760 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
762 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
763 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
765 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
767 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
768 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
770 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
771 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
772 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
774 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
775 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
777 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
778 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
781 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
786 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
787 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
789 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
792 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
793 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
794 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
795 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
796 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
798 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
801 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
802 was not always correctly dispatched.
804 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
805 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
810 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
812 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
816 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
819 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
820 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
821 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
823 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
824 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
825 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
828 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
831 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
832 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
833 inter-nodes distances.
835 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
836 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
838 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
839 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
841 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
842 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
843 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
844 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
845 3) are now handled correctly.
847 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
848 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
849 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
850 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
852 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
853 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
854 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
855 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
857 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
858 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
860 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
861 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
867 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
869 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
870 they are now considered as missing data.
872 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
875 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
876 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
878 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
881 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
884 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
885 rooted and unrooted trees.
887 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
890 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
894 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
899 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
902 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
903 phylogeny estimation.
905 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
906 bipartitions from a series of trees.
911 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
912 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
913 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
918 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
920 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
922 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
923 lengths: this is fixed.
925 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
930 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
935 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
936 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
937 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
938 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
939 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
941 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
942 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
944 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
945 from a sample a DNA sequences.
947 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
948 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
949 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
950 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
951 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
952 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
953 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
954 `GCcontent' has been removed.
956 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
957 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
958 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
961 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
963 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
964 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
969 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
972 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
973 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
974 different representations (a report was printed previously).
976 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
982 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
983 which there is a print method.
987 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
992 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
993 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
996 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
997 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
999 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1000 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1003 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1006 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1007 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1009 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1010 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1013 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1014 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1015 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1016 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1018 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1019 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1022 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1023 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1024 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1026 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1027 edge lengths into account.
1029 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1030 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1031 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1036 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1037 crashing. This is fixed.
1039 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1040 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1043 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1048 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1049 replaced by a C code.
1053 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1058 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1059 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1061 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1062 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1063 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1064 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1069 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1074 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1075 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1076 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1077 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1078 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1080 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1081 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1082 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1083 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1085 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1086 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1087 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1088 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1089 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1090 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1092 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1093 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1095 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1098 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1099 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1102 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1103 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1105 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1108 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1109 a tree according to a specified method.
1111 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1112 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1113 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1114 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1115 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1120 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1121 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1122 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1123 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1124 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1125 have been clarified on this point.
1129 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1134 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1135 to a specified outgroup.
1137 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1139 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1140 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1141 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1142 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1143 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1144 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1145 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1147 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1152 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1153 lengths: this is fixed.
1155 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1156 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1160 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
1165 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
1166 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
1167 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
1169 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
1175 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
1180 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
1181 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
1185 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
1190 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
1191 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
1192 speciation and extinction rates.
1197 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
1198 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
1202 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
1207 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
1208 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
1209 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
1210 MCMC have been introduced.
1212 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
1213 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
1217 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
1222 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
1223 without branch lengths.
1225 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
1226 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
1227 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
1228 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
1233 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
1236 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
1237 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
1242 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
1243 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
1245 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
1250 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
1255 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
1256 sample of DNA sequences.
1261 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
1264 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
1269 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
1274 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
1275 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
1280 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
1281 comment blocks were not read correctly.
1283 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
1284 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
1285 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
1286 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
1287 a warning message is now issued.
1291 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
1296 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
1297 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
1298 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
1299 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
1300 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
1301 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
1302 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
1303 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
1304 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
1305 see the respective help pages for details.
1307 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
1308 focusing on a small portion of it.
1310 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
1311 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
1313 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
1314 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
1315 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
1316 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
1317 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
1318 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
1319 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
1320 way. The help page has been extended.
1322 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
1327 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
1328 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
1330 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
1332 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
1333 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
1335 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
1340 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
1341 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
1342 the corresponding generic function.
1344 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
1345 since gamma() is a generic function.
1349 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
1354 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
1355 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
1356 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
1357 vector of length 4 is always returned).
1359 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
1360 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
1361 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
1366 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
1371 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
1372 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
1374 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
1375 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
1381 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
1383 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
1384 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
1385 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
1386 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
1387 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
1389 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
1393 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
1398 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
1400 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
1401 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
1405 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
1410 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
1411 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
1412 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
1413 the function klastorin()).
1415 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
1416 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
1417 as.phylo for details).
1419 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
1420 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
1421 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
1422 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
1423 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
1425 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
1426 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
1428 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
1429 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
1430 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
1431 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
1432 (this behaviour was undocumented).
1434 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
1435 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
1436 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
1438 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
1439 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
1441 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
1442 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
1443 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
1448 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
1450 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
1452 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
1453 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
1457 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
1462 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
1463 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
1465 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
1468 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
1469 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
1471 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
1472 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
1474 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
1476 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
1477 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
1478 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
1479 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
1481 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
1482 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
1483 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
1485 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
1486 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
1487 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
1488 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
1490 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
1491 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
1493 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1494 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
1498 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
1503 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
1507 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
1512 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
1513 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
1515 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
1516 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
1519 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
1522 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
1524 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
1525 as well as some methods are introduced.
1527 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
1528 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
1529 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
1530 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
1532 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1533 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
1534 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
1535 Democratic Republic of Congo.
1538 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1540 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
1541 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
1546 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
1547 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
1548 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
1549 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
1551 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
1554 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.