1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
6 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
12 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
13 'check.labels = TRUE'.
17 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
22 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
23 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
24 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
25 characters, and so on.
27 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
30 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
35 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
36 already the specified root.
38 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
40 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
41 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
43 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
46 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
47 translation of tip labels.
49 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
50 a single tree with no edge lengths.
52 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
57 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
60 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
63 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
68 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
73 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
74 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
75 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
78 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
79 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
81 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
82 help page for details.
84 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
85 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
87 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
93 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
96 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
97 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
99 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
102 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
103 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
105 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
107 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
109 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
110 as well and is faster.
114 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
119 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
121 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
122 states by generalized least squares in ace().
124 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
126 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
131 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
136 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
139 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
140 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
142 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
143 than in plot.default().
148 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
151 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
152 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
153 worked already for thermometers).
155 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
160 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
161 as well as a character string.
163 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
166 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
167 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
168 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
169 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
170 correctly when extracting trees.
174 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
179 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
181 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
182 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
187 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
188 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
193 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
194 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
196 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
197 are loaded only when needed.
201 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
206 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
207 tree using the mouse.
209 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
210 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
212 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
213 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
214 an object of class "DNAbin".
216 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
217 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
219 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
220 as its main argument.
222 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
223 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
224 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
229 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
230 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
231 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
232 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
234 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
235 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
238 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
239 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
244 o The code of mlphylo() has almost entirely rewritten, and should
245 be much stabler. The options have been also greatly simplified
246 (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
248 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
250 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
253 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
256 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
257 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
258 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
261 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
267 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
272 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
275 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
279 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
284 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
287 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
290 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
291 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
296 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
299 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
302 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
303 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
305 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
306 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
309 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
312 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
313 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
317 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
322 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
323 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
324 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
325 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
327 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
328 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
331 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
332 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
333 multichotomous nodes.
335 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
336 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
337 keeping the names and the class.
342 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
343 an error message is now returned.
345 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
350 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
355 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
356 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
358 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
359 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
360 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
361 should be much faster.
366 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
367 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
369 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
370 object is now returned unchanged.
374 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
379 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
380 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
385 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
386 object when reading multiple trees.
388 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
391 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
393 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
395 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
397 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
398 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
402 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
407 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
408 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
410 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
411 new binary and the character formats.
413 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
414 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
417 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
418 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
424 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
426 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
427 the default setting: this is fixed.
429 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
430 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
435 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
436 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
437 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
438 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
439 ca. 60 times faster).
443 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
448 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
450 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
451 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
452 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
454 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
455 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
457 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
458 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
461 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
462 invariants: this is fixed.
466 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
471 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
472 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
477 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
478 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
480 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
482 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
483 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
484 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
486 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
487 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
491 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
496 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
497 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
499 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
500 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
501 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
506 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
508 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
510 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
511 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
513 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
519 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
520 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
521 format are still returned in a list.
523 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
524 it could not be used from the generic.
529 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
534 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
539 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
540 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
542 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
543 unrooted tree in most cases.
545 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
546 particularly of the BX-series.
548 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
553 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
558 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
559 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
560 displayed in a compact and informative way.
562 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
563 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
566 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
567 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
569 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
570 available to compute branch lengths.
572 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
577 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
578 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
580 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
583 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
584 models: this is fixed.
586 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
587 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
588 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
589 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
591 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
592 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
593 the help page of this function has been expanded.
598 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
599 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
600 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
601 functions has been improved.
603 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
604 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
606 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
608 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
609 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
611 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
612 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
615 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
617 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
620 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
622 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
626 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
631 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
632 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
633 sequences in NEXUS files.
635 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
636 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
639 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
642 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
648 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
649 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
651 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
652 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
653 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
655 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
660 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
665 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
668 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
669 single descendant from a tree.
671 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
674 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
675 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
680 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
681 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
683 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
684 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
685 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
687 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
688 of freedom: this is fixed.
690 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
691 a data frame: this is fixed.
693 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
694 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
699 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
700 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
705 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
710 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
711 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
713 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
714 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
715 segments showing the AIC values.
717 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
718 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
719 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
720 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
722 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
723 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
724 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
725 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
730 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
733 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
734 in the tree: this is fixed.
736 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
737 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
739 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
740 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
742 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
743 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
745 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
746 the calculation of P-values.
748 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
749 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
753 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
758 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
759 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
760 is used to define the substitution model which may include
761 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
762 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
763 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
764 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
765 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
767 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
768 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
769 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
775 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
776 though with no consequence.
780 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
785 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
786 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
787 documented on the same help page.
792 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
793 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
794 boot.phylo, or consensus.
796 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
797 more than one element: this is fixed.
799 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
802 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
803 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
804 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
809 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
810 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
811 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
815 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
820 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
821 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
823 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
826 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
827 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
829 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
830 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
833 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
834 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
836 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
838 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
839 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
841 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
843 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
844 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
846 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
847 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
848 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
850 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
851 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
853 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
854 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
857 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
862 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
863 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
865 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
868 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
869 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
870 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
871 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
872 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
874 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
877 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
878 was not always correctly dispatched.
880 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
881 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
886 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
888 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
892 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
895 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
896 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
897 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
899 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
900 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
901 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
904 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
907 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
908 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
909 inter-nodes distances.
911 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
912 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
914 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
915 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
917 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
918 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
919 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
920 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
921 3) are now handled correctly.
923 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
924 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
925 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
926 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
928 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
929 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
930 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
931 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
933 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
934 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
936 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
937 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
943 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
945 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
946 they are now considered as missing data.
948 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
951 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
952 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
954 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
957 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
960 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
961 rooted and unrooted trees.
963 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
966 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
970 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
975 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
978 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
979 phylogeny estimation.
981 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
982 bipartitions from a series of trees.
987 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
988 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
989 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
994 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
996 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
998 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
999 lengths: this is fixed.
1001 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1002 tree: this is fixed.
1006 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1011 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1012 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1013 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1014 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1015 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1017 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1018 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1020 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1021 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1023 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1024 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1025 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1026 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1027 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1028 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1029 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1030 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1032 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1033 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1034 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1037 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1039 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1040 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1045 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1048 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1049 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1050 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1052 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1058 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1059 which there is a print method.
1063 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1068 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1069 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1072 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1073 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1075 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1076 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1079 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1082 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1083 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1085 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1086 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1089 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1090 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1091 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1092 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1094 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1095 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1098 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1099 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1100 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1102 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1103 edge lengths into account.
1105 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1106 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1107 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1112 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1113 crashing. This is fixed.
1115 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1116 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1119 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1124 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1125 replaced by a C code.
1129 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1134 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1135 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1137 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1138 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1139 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1140 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1145 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1150 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1151 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1152 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1153 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1154 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1156 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1157 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1158 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1159 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1161 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1162 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1163 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1164 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1165 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1166 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1168 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1169 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1171 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1174 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1175 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1178 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1179 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1181 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1184 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1185 a tree according to a specified method.
1187 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1188 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1189 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1190 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1191 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1196 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1197 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1198 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1199 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1200 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1201 have been clarified on this point.
1205 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1210 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1211 to a specified outgroup.
1213 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1215 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1216 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1217 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1218 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1219 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1220 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1221 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1223 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1228 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1229 lengths: this is fixed.
1231 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1232 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1236 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
1241 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
1242 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
1243 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
1245 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
1251 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
1256 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
1257 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
1261 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
1266 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
1267 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
1268 speciation and extinction rates.
1273 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
1274 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
1278 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
1283 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
1284 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
1285 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
1286 MCMC have been introduced.
1288 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
1289 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
1293 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
1298 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
1299 without branch lengths.
1301 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
1302 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
1303 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
1304 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
1309 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
1312 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
1313 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
1318 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
1319 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
1321 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
1326 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
1331 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
1332 sample of DNA sequences.
1337 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
1340 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
1345 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
1350 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
1351 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
1356 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
1357 comment blocks were not read correctly.
1359 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
1360 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
1361 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
1362 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
1363 a warning message is now issued.
1367 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
1372 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
1373 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
1374 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
1375 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
1376 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
1377 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
1378 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
1379 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
1380 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
1381 see the respective help pages for details.
1383 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
1384 focusing on a small portion of it.
1386 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
1387 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
1389 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
1390 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
1391 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
1392 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
1393 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
1394 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
1395 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
1396 way. The help page has been extended.
1398 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
1403 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
1404 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
1406 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
1408 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
1409 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
1411 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
1416 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
1417 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
1418 the corresponding generic function.
1420 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
1421 since gamma() is a generic function.
1425 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
1430 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
1431 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
1432 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
1433 vector of length 4 is always returned).
1435 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
1436 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
1437 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
1442 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
1447 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
1448 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
1450 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
1451 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
1457 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
1459 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
1460 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
1461 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
1462 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
1463 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
1465 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
1469 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
1474 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
1476 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
1477 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
1481 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
1486 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
1487 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
1488 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
1489 the function klastorin()).
1491 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
1492 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
1493 as.phylo for details).
1495 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
1496 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
1497 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
1498 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
1499 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
1501 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
1502 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
1504 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
1505 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
1506 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
1507 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
1508 (this behaviour was undocumented).
1510 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
1511 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
1512 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
1514 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
1515 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
1517 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
1518 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
1519 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
1524 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
1526 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
1528 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
1529 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
1533 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
1538 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
1539 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
1541 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
1544 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
1545 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
1547 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
1548 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
1550 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
1552 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
1553 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
1554 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
1555 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
1557 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
1558 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
1559 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
1561 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
1562 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
1563 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
1564 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
1566 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
1567 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
1569 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1570 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
1574 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
1579 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
1583 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
1588 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
1589 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
1591 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
1592 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
1595 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
1598 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
1600 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
1601 as well as some methods are introduced.
1603 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
1604 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
1605 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
1606 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
1608 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1609 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
1610 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
1611 Democratic Republic of Congo.
1614 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1616 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
1617 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
1622 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
1623 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
1624 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
1625 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
1627 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
1630 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.