1 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3-1
6 o The new function is.monophyletic tests the monophyly of a group.
8 o There is now a c() method for lists of class "DNAbin".
10 o yule.cov() now fits the null model, and its help page has been
11 corrected with respect to this change.
13 o drop.tip() has a new option 'rooted' to force (or not) a tree
14 to be treated as (un)rooted.
19 o dist.gene() failed on most occasions with the default
20 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
22 o read.tree() failed to read correctly the tree name(s).
24 o boot.phylo() now treats correctly data frames.
26 o del.gaps() did not copy the rownames of a matrix.
28 o A small bug was fixed in CDAM.global().
30 o ace() failed with large data sets. Thanks to Rich FitzJohn for
31 the fix. With other improvements, this function is now about 6
34 o write.tree() failed with objects of class "multiPhylo".
36 o drop.tip(, subtree = TRUE) sometimes shuffled tip labels.
41 o [.multiPhylo and [.DNAbin now respect the original class.
43 o Instances of the form class(phy) == "phylo" have been replaced
44 by inherits(phy, "phylo").
46 o rcoal() is now faster.
51 o klastorin() has been removed.
55 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.3
60 o The new functions CADM.global and CADM.post, contributed by
61 Pierre Legendre, test the congruence among several distance
64 o The new function yule.time fits a user-defined time-dependent
65 Yule model by maximum likelihood.
67 o The new function makeNodeLabel creates and/or modifies node
68 labels in a flexible way.
70 o read.tree() and write.tree() have been modified so that they can
71 handle individual tree names.
73 o plot.phylo() has a new argument 'edge.lty' that specifies the
74 types of lines used for the edges (plain, dotted, dashed, ...)
76 o phymltest() has been updated to work with PhyML 3.0.1.
81 o drop.tip() shuffled tip labels in some cases.
83 o drop.tip() did not handle node.label correctly.
85 o is.ultrametric() now checks the ordering of the edge matrix.
87 o ace() sometimes returned negative values of likelihoods of
88 ancestral states (thanks to Dan Rabosky for solving this long
94 o The data set xenarthra has been removed.
98 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-4
102 o The bug fix in read.nexus() in version 2.2-3 was wrong: this is
103 now fixed. (Thanks to Peter Wragg for the fix!)
105 o A warning message occurred for no reason with ace(method="GLS").
110 o There is now a general help page displayed with '?ape'
114 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-3
119 o The new function extract.clade extracts a clade from a tree by
120 specifying a node number or label.
122 o fastme.bal() has two new options 'spr' and 'tbr' to perform tree
123 operations of the same names.
125 o dist.dna() can now return the number of site differences by
126 specifying model="N".
131 o chronopl() did not work with CV = TRUE.
133 o read.nexus() did not work correctly in some situations (trees on
134 multiple lines with different numbers of lines and/or with
135 comments inserted within the trees).
137 o ltt.plot(), ltt.lines(), and mltt.plot() did not count correctly
138 the number of lineages with non-binary trees.
143 o ape has now a namespace.
145 o drip.tip() has been improved: it should be much faster and work
146 better in some cases (e.g., see the example in ?zoom).
150 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-2
155 o dist.gene() has been substantially improved and gains an option
158 o cbind.DNAbin() has a new option 'fill.with.gaps' and is now
164 o prop.part() failed with a single tree with the default option
165 'check.labels = TRUE'.
167 o summary.DNAbin() failed to display correctly the summary of
168 sequence lengths with lists of sequences of 10,000 bases or more
169 (because summary.default uses 4 significant digits by default).
171 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree with line
172 breaks in the Newick string.
174 o del.gaps() returned a list of empty sequences when there were no
180 o phymltest() has been updated for PhyML 3.0 and gains an option
181 'append', whereas the option 'path2exec' has been removed.
183 o rbind.DNAbin() and cbind.DNAbin() now accept a single matrix
184 which is returned unchanged (instead of an error).
186 o The data sets bird.orders and bird.families are now stored as
187 Newick strings; i.e., the command data(bird.orders) calls
192 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2-1
197 o The new function makeLabel() helps to modify labels of trees,
198 lists of trees, or DNA sequences, with several utilities to
199 truncate and/or make them unique, substituting some
200 characters, and so on.
202 o The new function del.gaps() removes insertion gaps ("-") in a
203 set of DNA sequences.
205 o read.dna() can now read Clustal files (*.aln).
210 o root() failed with 'resolve.root = TRUE' when the root was
211 already the specified root.
213 o Several bugs were fixed in mlphylo().
215 o collapsed.singles() did not propagate the 'Nnode' and
216 'node.labels' elements (thanks to Elizabeth Purdom for the fix).
218 o read.nexus() failed to remove correctly the comments within
221 o read.nexus() failed to read a file with a single tree and no
222 translation of tip labels.
224 o read.nexus() failed to place correctly tip labels when reading
225 a single tree with no edge lengths.
227 o A bug was fixed in sh.test().
232 o unique.multiPhylo() is faster thanks to a suggestion by Vladimir
235 o The option 'check.labels' of consensus() and prop.part() is now
238 o write.dna() now does not truncate names to 10 characters with
243 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.2
248 o Four new functions have been written by Damien de Vienne for the
249 graphical exploration of large trees (cophyloplot, subtrees,
250 subtreeplot), and to return the graphical coordinates of tree
253 o The new functions corPagel and corBlomberg implement the Pagel's
254 "lambda" and Blomberg et al.'s "ACDC" correlation structures.
256 o chronopl() has been improved and gains several options: see its
257 help page for details.
259 o boot.phylo() has now an option 'trees' to possibly return the
260 bootstraped trees (the default is FALSE).
262 o prop.part() has been improved and should now be faster in all
268 o read.dna() failed if "?" occurred in the first 10 sites of the
271 o The x/y aspect of the plot is now respected when plotting a
272 circular tree (type = "r" or "f").
274 o Drawing the tip labels sometimes failed when plotting circular
277 o zoom() failed when tip labels were used instead of their numbers
278 (thanks to Yan Wong for the fix).
280 o drop.tip() failed with some trees (fixed by Yan Wong).
282 o seg.sites() failed with a list.
284 o consensus() failed in some cases. The function has been improved
285 as well and is faster.
289 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-3
294 o A bug in read.nexus() made the Windows R-GUI crash.
296 o An error was fixed in the computation of ancestral character
297 states by generalized least squares in ace().
299 o di2multi() did not modify node labels correctly.
301 o multi2di() failed if the tree had its attribute "order" set to
306 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-2
311 o There three new methods for the "multiPhylo" class: str, $,
314 o root() gains the options 'node' and 'resolve.root'
315 (FALSE by default) as well as its code being improved.
317 o mltt.plot() has now an option 'log' used in the same way
318 than in plot.default().
323 o mltt.plot() failed to display the legend with an unnamed
326 o nodelabels() with pies now correcly uses the argument
327 'cex' to draw symbols of different sizes (which has
328 worked already for thermometers).
330 o read.nexus() generally failed to read very big files.
335 o The argument 'family' of compar.gee() can now be a function
336 as well as a character string.
338 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an unnamed list if
341 o read.nexus() now returns a modified object of class "multiPhylo"
342 when there is a TRANSLATE block in the NEXUS file: the individual
343 trees have no 'tip.label' vector, but the list has a 'TipLabel'
344 attribute. The new methods '$' and '[[' set these elements
345 correctly when extracting trees.
349 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1-1
354 o The new function rmtree generates lists of random trees.
356 o rcoal() now generates a genuine coalescent tree by default
357 (thanks to Vladimir Minin for the code).
362 o nuc.div() returned an incorrect value with the default
363 pairwise.deletion = FALSE.
368 o The internal codes of bionj(), fastme.bal(), and fastme.ols()
369 have been improved so that they are stabler and faster.
371 o R packages used by ape are now loaded silently; lattice and gee
372 are loaded only when needed.
376 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.1
381 o The new function identify.phylo identifies clades on a plotted
382 tree using the mouse.
384 o It is now possible to subset a list of trees (object of class
385 "multiPhylo") with "[" while keeping its class correct.
387 o The new function as.DNAbin.alignment converts DNA sequences
388 stored in the "alignment" format of the package seqinr into
389 an object of class "DNAbin".
391 o The new function weight.taxo2 helps to build similarity matrices
392 given two taxonomic levels (usually called by other functions).
394 o write.tree() can now take a list of trees (class "multiPhylo")
395 as its main argument.
397 o plot.correlogram() and plot.correlogramList() have been
398 improved, and gain several options (see the help page for
399 details). A legend is now plotted by default.
404 o dist.dna() returned some incorrect values with `model = "JC69"'
405 and `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'. This affected only the
406 distances involving sequences with missing values. (Thanks
407 to Bruno Toupance for digging this bug out.)
409 o write.tree() failed with some trees: this is fixed by removing
410 the `multi.line' option (trees are now always printed on a
413 o read.nexus() did not correctly detect trees with multiple root
414 edges (see OTHER CHANGES).
419 o The code of mlphylo() has been almost entirely rewritten, and
420 should be much stabler. The options have been also greatly
421 simplified (see ?mlphylo and ?DNAmodel for details).
423 o The internal function nTips has been renamed klastorin_nTips.
425 o The code of is.ultrametric() contained redundancies and has
428 o The code of Moran.I() and of correlogram.formula() have been
431 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now return an error when trying to
432 read a tree with multiple root edges (see BUG FIXES). The
433 correction applied in previous version did not work in all
436 o The class c("multi.tree", "phylo") has been renamed
442 o There is now a vignette in ape: see vignette("MoranI", "ape").
447 o as.matching() and as.phylo.matching() do not support branch
450 o correlogram.phylo() and discrete.dist() have been removed.
454 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-2
459 o The new function matexpo computes the exponential of a square
462 o The new function unique.multi.tree removes duplicate trees from
465 o yule() has a new option `use.root.edge = FALSE' that specifies
466 to ignore, by default, the root edge of the tree if it exists.
471 o which.edge() failed when the index of a single terminal edge was
474 o In diversi.time(), the values returned for model C were
477 o A bug was fixed in yule() that affected the calculation of the
478 likelihood in the presence of ties in the branching times.
480 o There was a bug in the C function mat_expo4x4 affecting the
481 calculations of the transition probabilities for models HKY and
484 o A small bug was fixed in as.matrix.DNAbin (thanks to James
487 o rtree() did not `shuffle' the tip labels by default, so only a
488 limited number of labelled topologies could be generated.
492 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 2.0-1
497 o The three new functions bionj, fastme.ols, and fastme.bal
498 perform phylogeny estimation by the BIONJ and fastME methods in
499 OLS and balanced versions. This is a port to R of previous
500 previous programs done by Vincent Lefort.
502 o The new function chronoMPL performs molecular dating with the
503 mean path lengths method of Britton et al. (2002, Mol. Phyl.
506 o The new function rotate, contributed by Christoph Heibl, swaps
507 two clades connected to the same node. It works also with
508 multichotomous nodes.
510 o The new `method' as.matrix.DNAbin() may be used to convert
511 easily DNA sequences stored in a list into a matrix while
512 keeping the names and the class.
517 o chronopl() failed when some branch lengths were equal to zero:
518 an error message is now returned.
520 o di2multi() failed when there was a series of consecutive edges
525 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-2
530 o plot.phylo() can now plot circular trees: the option is type =
531 "fan" or type = "f" (to avoid the ambiguity with type = "c").
533 o prop.part() has a new option `check.labels = FALSE' which allows
534 to considerably speed-up the calculations of bipartitions. As a
535 consequence, calculations of bootstrap values with boot.phylo()
536 should be much faster.
541 o read.GenBank() did not return correctly the list of species as
542 from ape 1.10: this is fixed in this version
544 o Applying as.phylo() on a tree of class "phylo" failed: the
545 object is now returned unchanged.
549 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10-1
554 o The three new functions Ntip, Nnode, and Nedge return, for a
555 given tree, the number of tips, nodes, or edges, respectively.
560 o read.nexus() did not set correctly the class of the returned
561 object when reading multiple trees.
563 o mllt.plot() failed with objects of class c("multi.tree",
566 o unroot() did not work correctly in most cases.
568 o reorder.phylo() made R freeze in some occasions.
570 o Plotting a tree in pruningwise order failed.
572 o When plotting an unrooted tree, the tip labels where not all
573 correctly positioned if the option `cex' was used.
577 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.10
582 o Five new `method' functions have been introduced to manipulate
583 DNA sequences in binary format (see below).
585 o Three new functions have been introduced to convert between the
586 new binary and the character formats.
588 o The new function as.alignment converts DNA sequences stored as
589 single characters into the class "alignment" used by the package
592 o read.dna() and read.GenBank() have a new argument `as.character'
593 controlling whether the sequences are returned in binary format
599 o root() failed when the tree had node labels: this is fixed.
601 o plot.phylo() did not correctly set the limits on the y-axis with
602 the default setting: this is fixed.
604 o dist.dna() returned a wrong result for the LogDet, paralinear,
605 and BH87 models with `pairwise.deletion = TRUE'.
610 o DNA sequences are now internally stored in a binary format. See
611 the document "A Bit-Level Coding Scheme for Nucleotides" for the
612 details. Most functions analyzing DNA functions have been
613 modified accordingly and are now much faster (dist.dna is now
614 ca. 60 times faster).
618 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-4
623 o A bug was fixed in edgelabels().
625 o as.phylo.hclust() did not work correctly when the object of
626 class "hclust" has its labels set to NULL: the returned tree has
627 now its tip labels set to "1", "2", ...
629 o consensus could fail if some tip labels are a subset of others
630 (e.g., "a" and "a_1"): this is now fixed.
632 o mlphylo() failed in most cases if some branch lengths of the
633 initial tree were greater than one: an error message is now
636 o mlphylo() failed in most cases when estimating the proportion of
637 invariants: this is fixed.
641 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-3
646 o The new function edgelabels adds labels on the edge of the tree
647 in the same way than nodelabels or tiplabels.
652 o multi2di() did not handle correctly branch lengths with the
653 default option `random = TRUE': this is now fixed.
655 o A bug was fixed in nuc.div() when using pairwise deletions.
657 o A bug occurred in the analysis of bipartitions with large
658 numbers of large trees, with consequences on prop.part,
659 prop.clades, and boot.phylo.
661 o The calculation of the Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann distance in
662 dist.topo was wrong: this has been fixed.
666 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-2
671 o The new function ladderize reorganizes the internal structure of
672 a tree to plot them left- or right-ladderized.
674 o The new function dist.nodes computes the patristic distances
675 between all nodes, internal and terminal, of a tree. It replaces
676 the option `full = TRUE' of cophenetic.phylo (see below).
681 o A bug was fixed in old2new.phylo().
683 o Some bugs were fixed in chronopl().
685 o The edge colours were not correctly displayed by plot.phylo
686 (thank you to Li-San Wang for the fix).
688 o cophenetic.phylo() failed with multichotomous trees: this is
694 o read.dna() now returns the sequences in a matrix if they are
695 aligned (interleaved or sequential format). Sequences in FASTA
696 format are still returned in a list.
698 o The option `full' of cophenetic.phylo() has been removed because
699 it could not be used from the generic.
704 o rotate() has been removed; this function did not work correctly
709 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9-1
714 o Trees with a single tip were not read correctly in R as the
715 element `Nnode' was not set: this is fixed.
717 o unroot() did not set correctly the number of nodes of the
718 unrooted tree in most cases.
720 o read.GenBank() failed when fetching very long sequences,
721 particularly of the BX-series.
723 o A bug was introduced in read.tree() with ape 1.9: it has been
728 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.9
733 o There are two new print `methods' for trees of class "phylo" and
734 lists of trees of class "multi.tree", so that they are now
735 displayed in a compact and informative way.
737 o There are two new functions, old2new.phylo and new2old.phylo,
738 for converting between the old and new coding of the class
741 o dist.dna() has three new models: Barry and Hartigan ("BH87"),
742 LogDet ("logdet"), and paralinear ("paralin").
744 o compute.brlen() has been extended: several methods are now
745 available to compute branch lengths.
747 o write.dna() can now handle matrices as well as lists.
752 o cophenetic.phylo() sometimes returned a wrong result with
753 multichotomous trees: this is fixed.
755 o rotate() failed when a single tip was specified: the tree is now
758 o ace() did not return the correct index matrix with custom
759 models: this is fixed.
761 o multi2di() did not work correctly when resolving multichotomies
762 randomly: the topology was always the same, only the arrangement
763 of clades was randomized: this is fixed. This function now
764 accepts trees with no branch lengths.
766 o The output of diversi.gof() was blurred by useless prints when a
767 user distribution was specified. This has been corrected, and
768 the help page of this function has been expanded.
773 o The internal structure of the class "phylo" has been changed:
774 see the document "Definition of Formats for Coding Phylogenetic
775 Trees in R" for the details. In addition, the code of most
776 functions has been improved.
778 o Several functions have been improved by replacing some R codes
779 by C codes: pic, plot.phylo, and reorder.phylo.
781 o There is now a citation information: see citation("ape") in R.
783 o write.tree() now does not add extra 0's to branch lengths so
784 that 1.23 is printed "1.23" by default, not "1.2300000000".
786 o The syntax of bind.tree() has been simplified. This function now
787 accepts trees with no branch lengths, and handles correctly node
790 o The option `as.numeric' of mrca() has been removed.
792 o The unused options `format' and `rooted' of read.tree() have
795 o The unused option `format' of write.tree() has been removed.
797 o The use of node.depth() has been simplified.
801 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-5
806 o Two new functions read.nexus.data() and write.nexus.data(),
807 contributed by Johan Nylander, allow to read and write molecular
808 sequences in NEXUS files.
810 o The new function reorder.phylo() reorders the internal structure
811 of a tree of class "phylo". It is used as the generic, e.g.,
814 o read.tree() and read.nexus() can now read trees with a single
817 o The new data set `cynipids' supplies a set of protein sequences
823 o The code of all.equal.phylo() has been completely rewritten
824 (thanks to Benoît Durand) which fixes several bugs.
826 o read.tree() and read.nexus() now checks the labels of the tree
827 to remove or substitute any characters that are illegal in the
828 Newick format (parentheses, etc.)
830 o A negative P-value could be returned by mantel.test(): this is
835 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-4
840 o The new function sh.test() computes the Shimodaira-
843 o The new function collapse.singles() removes the nodes with a
844 single descendant from a tree.
846 o plot.phylo() has a new argument `tip.color' to specify the
849 o mlphylo() has now an option `quiet' to control the display of
850 the progress of the analysis (the default is FALSE).
855 o read.dna() did not read correctly sequences in sequential format
856 with leading alignment gaps "-": this is fixed.
858 o ace() returned a list with no class so that the generic
859 functions (anova, logLik, ...) could not be used directly. This
860 is fixed as ace() now returns an object of class "ace".
862 o anova.ace() had a small bug when computing the number of degrees
863 of freedom: this is fixed.
865 o mlphylo() did not work when the sequences were in a matrix or
866 a data frame: this is fixed.
868 o rtree() did not work correctly when trying to simulate an
869 unrooted tree with two tips: an error message is now issued.
874 o The algorithm of rtree() has been changed: it is now about 40,
875 100, and 130 times faster for 10, 100, and 1000 tips,
880 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-3
885 o There are four new `method' functions to be used with the
886 results of ace(): logLik(), deviance(), AIC(), and anova().
888 o The plot method of phymltest has two new arguments: `main' to
889 change the title, and `col' to control the colour of the
890 segments showing the AIC values.
892 o ace() has a new argument `ip' that gives the initial values used
893 in the ML estimation with discrete characters (see the examples
894 in ?ace). This function now returns a matrix giving the indices
895 of the estimated rates when analysing discrete characters.
897 o nodelabels() and tiplabels() have a new argument `pie' to
898 represent proportions, with any number of categories, as
899 piecharts. The use of the option `thermo' has been improved:
900 there is now no limitation on the number of categories.
905 o mlphylo() did not work with more than two partitions: this is
908 o root() failed if the proposed outgroup was already an outgroup
909 in the tree: this is fixed.
911 o The `col' argument in nodelabels() and tiplabels() was not
912 correctly passed when `text' was used: this is fixed.
914 o Two bugs were fixed in mlphylo(): parameters were not always
915 correctly output, and the estimation failed in some cases.
917 o plot.phylo() was stuck when given a tree with a single tip: this
918 is fixed and a message error is now returned.
920 o An error was corrected in the help page of gammaStat regarding
921 the calculation of P-values.
923 o Using gls() could crash R when the number of species in the tree
924 and in the variables were different: this is fixed.
928 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-2
933 o The new function mlphylo() fits a phylogenetic tree by maximum
934 likelihood from DNA sequences. Its companion function DNAmodel()
935 is used to define the substitution model which may include
936 partitioning. There are methods for logLik(), deviance(), and
937 AIC(), and the summary() method has been extended to display in
938 a friendly way the results of this model fitting. Currently, the
939 functionality is limited to estimating the substitution and
940 associated parameters and computing the likelihood.
942 o The new function drop1.compar.gee (used as, e.g., drop1(m))
943 tests for single effects in GEE-based comparative method. A
944 warning message is printed if there is not enough degrees of
950 o An error message was sometimes issued by plot.multi.tree(),
951 though with no consequence.
955 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8-1
960 o There is a new plot method for lists of trees (objects of class
961 "multi.tree"): it calls plot.phylo() internally and is
962 documented on the same help page.
967 o A bug was fixed in the C code that analyzes bipartitions: this
968 has impact on several functions like prop.part, prop.clades,
969 boot.phylo, or consensus.
971 o root() did not work correctly when the specified outgroup had
972 more than one element: this is fixed.
974 o dist.dna() sometimes returned a warning inappropriately: this
977 o If the distance object given to nj() had no rownames, nj()
978 returned a tree with no tip labels: it now returns tips labelled
979 "1", "2", ..., corresponding to the row numbers.
984 o nj() has been slightly changed so that tips with a zero distance
985 are first aggregated with zero-lengthed branches; the usual NJ
986 procedure is then performed on a distance matrix without 0's.
990 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.8
995 o The new function chronopl() estimates dates using the penalized
996 likelihood method by Sanderson (2002; Mol. Biol. Evol., 19:101).
998 o The new function consensus() calculates the consensus tree of a
1001 o The new function evolve.phylo() simulates the evolution of
1002 continuous characters along a phylogeny under a Brownian model.
1004 o The new plot method for objects of class "ancestral" displays a
1005 tree together with ancestral values, as returned by the above
1008 o The new function as.phylo.formula() returns a phylogeny from a
1009 set of nested taxonomic variables given as a formula.
1011 o The new function read.caic() reads trees in CAIC format.
1013 o The new function tiplabels() allows to add labels to the tips
1014 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1016 o The new function unroot() unroots a phylogeny.
1018 o multi2di() has a new option, `random', which specifies whether
1019 to resolve the multichotomies randomly (the default) or not.
1021 o prop.part() now returns an object of class "prop.part" for which
1022 there are print (to display a partition in a more friendly way)
1023 and summary (to extract the numbers) methods.
1025 o plot.phylo() has a new option, `show.tip.label', specifying
1026 whether to print the labels of the tips. The default is TRUE.
1028 o The code of nj() has been replaced by a faster C code: it is now
1029 about 10, 25, and 40 times faster for 50, 100, and 200 taxa,
1032 o write.nexus() now writes whether a tree is rooted or not.
1037 o Two bugs have been fixed in root(): unrooted trees are now
1038 handled corretly, and node labels are now output normally.
1040 o A bug was fixed in phymltest(): the executable couldn't be found
1043 o Three bug have been fixed in ace(): computing the likelihood of
1044 ancestral states of discrete characters failed, custom models
1045 did not work, and the function failed with a null gradient (a
1046 warning message is now returned; this latter bug was also
1047 present in yule.cov() as well and is now fixed).
1049 o pic() hanged out when missing data were present: a message error
1052 o A small bug was fixed in dist.dna() where the gamma correction
1053 was not always correctly dispatched.
1055 o plot.phylo() plotted correctly the root edge only when the tree
1056 was plotted rightwards: this works now for all directions.
1061 o dist.taxo() has been renamed as weight.taxo().
1063 o Various error and warning messages have been improved.
1067 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.7
1070 o The new function ace() estimates ancestral character states for
1071 continuous characters (with ML, GLS, and contrasts methods), and
1072 discrete characters (with ML only) for any number of states.
1074 o The new function compar.ou() fits the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
1075 of directional evolution for continuous characters. The user
1076 specifies the node(s) of the tree where the character optimum
1079 o The new function is.rooted() tests whether a tree (of class
1082 o The new function rcoal() generates random ultrametric trees with
1083 the possibility to specify the function that generates the
1084 inter-nodes distances.
1086 o The new function mrca() gives for all pairs of tips in a tree
1087 (and optionally nodes too) the most recent common ancestor.
1089 o nodelabels() has a new option `thermo' to plot proportions (up
1090 to three classes) on the nodes of a tree.
1092 o rtree() has been improved: it can now generate rooted or
1093 unrooted trees, and the mathematical function that generates the
1094 branch lengths may be specified by the user. The tip labels may
1095 be given directly in the call to rtree. The limit cases (n = 2,
1096 3) are now handled correctly.
1098 o dist.topo() has a new argument `method' with two choices: "PH85"
1099 for Penny and Henny's method (already available before and now
1100 the default), and "BHV01" for the geometric distance by Billera
1101 et al. (2001, Adv. Appl. Math. 27:733).
1103 o write.tree() has a new option, `digits', which specifies the
1104 number of digits to be printed in the Newick tree. By default
1105 digits = 10. The numbers are now always printed in decimal form
1106 (i.e., 1.0e-1 is now avoided).
1108 o dist.dna() can now compute the raw distances between pairs of
1109 DNA sequences by specifying model = "raw".
1111 o dist.phylo() has a new option `full' to possibly compute the
1112 distances among all tips and nodes of the tree. The default if
1118 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo().
1120 o dist.dna() did not handle correctly gaps ("-") in alignments:
1121 they are now considered as missing data.
1123 o rotate() did not work if the tips were not ordered: this is
1126 o mantel.test() returned NA in some special cases: this is fixed
1127 and the function has been improved and is now faster.
1129 o A bug was fixed in diversi.gof() where the calculation of A² was
1132 o cherry() did not work correctly under some OSs (mainly Linux):
1135 o is.binary.tree() has been modified so that it works with both
1136 rooted and unrooted trees.
1138 o The documentation of theta.s() was not correct: this has been
1141 o plot.mst() did not work correctly: this is fixed.
1145 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.6
1150 o The new function dist.topo() computes the topological distances
1153 o The new function boot.phylo() performs a bootstrap analysis on
1154 phylogeny estimation.
1156 o The new functions prop.part() and prop.clades() analyse
1157 bipartitions from a series of trees.
1162 o read.GenBank() now uses the EFetch utility of NCBI instead of
1163 the usual Web interface: it is now much faster (e.g., 12 times
1164 faster to retrieve 8 sequences, 37 times for 60 sequences).
1169 o Several bugs were fixed in read.dna().
1171 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time().
1173 o is.binary.tree() did not work correctly if the tree has no edge
1174 lengths: this is fixed.
1176 o drop.tip() did not correctly propagated the `node.label' of a
1177 tree: this is fixed.
1181 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.5
1186 o Two new functions, as.matching.phylo() and as.phylo.matching(),
1187 convert objects between the classes "phylo" and "matching". The
1188 latter implements the representation of binary trees introduced by
1189 Diaconis and Holmes (1998; PNAS 95:14600). The generic function
1190 as.matching() has been introduced as well.
1192 o Two new functions, multi2di() and di2multi(), allow to resolve
1193 and collapse multichotomies with branches of length zero.
1195 o The new function nuc.div() computes the nucleotide diversity
1196 from a sample a DNA sequences.
1198 o dist.dna() has been completely rewritten with a much faster
1199 (particularly for large data sets) C code. Eight models are
1200 available: JC69, K80, F81, K81, F84, T92, TN93, and GG95 (the
1201 option `method' has been renamed `model'). Computation of variance
1202 is available for all models. A gamma-correction is possible for
1203 JC69, K80, F81, and TN93. There is a new option, pairwise.deletion,
1204 to remove sites with missing data on a pairwise basis. The option
1205 `GCcontent' has been removed.
1207 o read.GenBank() has a new option (species.names) which specifies
1208 whether to return the species names of the organisms in addition
1209 to the accession numbers of the sequences (this is the default
1212 o write.nexus() can now write several trees in the same NEXUS file.
1214 o drop.tip() has a new option `root.edge' that allows to specify the
1215 new root edge if internal branches are trimmed.
1220 o as.phylo.hclust() failed if some labels had parentheses: this
1223 o Several bugs were fixed in all.equal.phylo(). This function now
1224 returns the logical TRUE if the trees are identical but with
1225 different representations (a report was printed previously).
1227 o read.GenBank() did not correctly handle ambiguous base codes:
1233 o birthdeath() now returns an object of class "birthdeath" for
1234 which there is a print method.
1238 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.4
1243 o The new function nj() performs phylogeny estimation with the
1244 neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei (1987; Mol. Biol.
1247 o The new function which.edge() identifies the edges of a tree
1248 that belong to a group specified as a set of tips.
1250 o The new function as.phylo.phylog() converts an object of class
1251 "phylog" (from the package ade4) into an object of class
1254 o The new function axisPhylo() draws axes on the side of a
1257 o The new function howmanytrees() calculates the number of trees
1258 in different cases and giving a number of tips.
1260 o write.tree() has a new option `multi.line' (TRUE by default) to
1261 write a Newick tree on several lines rather than on a single
1264 o The functionalities of zoom() have been extended. Several
1265 subtrees can be visualized at the same time, and they are marked
1266 on the main tree with colors. The context of the subtrees can be
1267 marked with the option `subtree' (see below).
1269 o drop.tip() has a new option `subtree' (FALSE by default) which
1270 specifies whether to output in the tree how many tips have been
1273 o The arguments of add.scale.bar() have been redefined and have
1274 now default values (see ?add.scale.bar for details). This
1275 function now works even if the plotted tree has no edge length.
1277 o plot.phylo() can now plot radial trees, but this does not take
1278 edge lengths into account.
1280 o In plot.phylo() with `type = "phylogram"', if the values of
1281 `edge.color' and `edge.width' are identical for sister-branches,
1282 they are propagated to the vertical line that link them.
1287 o Repeated calls to as.phylo.hclust() or as.hclust.phylo() made R
1288 crashing. This is fixed.
1290 o In plot.phylo(), the options `edge.color' and `edge.width' are
1291 now properly recycled; their default values are now "black" and
1294 o A bug has been fixed in write.nexus().
1299 o The function node.depth.edgelength() has been removed and
1300 replaced by a C code.
1304 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3-1
1309 o The new function nodelabels() allows to add labels to the nodes
1310 of a tree using text or plotting symbols in a flexible way.
1312 o In plot.phylo() the arguments `x.lim' and `y.lim' can now be two
1313 numeric values specifying the lower and upper limits on the x-
1314 and y-axes. This allows to leave some space on any side of the
1315 tree. If a single value is given, this is taken as the upper
1320 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.3
1325 o The new function phymltest() calls the software PHYML and fits
1326 28 models of DNA sequence evolution. There are a print method to
1327 display likelihood and AIC values, a summary method to compute
1328 the hierarchical likelihood ratio tests, and a plot method to
1329 display graphically the AIC values of each model.
1331 o The new function yule.cov() fits the Yule model with covariates,
1332 a model where the speciation rate is affected by several species
1333 traits through a generalized linear model. The parameters are
1334 estimated by maximum likelihood.
1336 o Three new functions, corBrownian(), corGrafen(), and
1337 corMartins(), compute the expected correlation structures among
1338 species given a phylogeny under different models of evolution.
1339 These can be used for GLS comparative phylogenetic methods (see
1340 the examples). There are coef() and corMatrix() methods and an
1341 Initialize.corPhyl() function associated.
1343 o The new function compar.cheverud() implements Cheverud et al.'s
1344 (1985; Evolution 39:1335) phylogenetic comparative method.
1346 o The new function varcomp() estimates variance components; it has
1349 o Two new functions, panel.superpose.correlogram() and
1350 plot.correlogramList(), allow to plot several phylogenetic
1353 o The new function node.leafnumber() computes the number of leaves
1354 of a subtree defined by a particular node.
1356 o The new function node.sons() gets all tags of son nodes from a
1359 o The new function compute.brlen() computes the branch lengths of
1360 a tree according to a specified method.
1362 o plot.phylo() has three new options: "cex" controls the size of
1363 the (tip and node) labels (thus it is no more needed to change
1364 the global graphical parameter), "direction" which allows to
1365 plot the tree rightwards, leftwards, upwards, or downwards, and
1366 "y.lim" which sets the upper limit on the y-axis.
1371 o Some functions which try to match tip labels and names of
1372 additional data (e.g. vector) are likely to fail if there are
1373 typing or syntax errors. If both series of names do not perfectly
1374 match, they are ignored and a warning message is now issued.
1375 These functions are bd.ext, compar.gee, pic. Their help pages
1376 have been clarified on this point.
1380 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-7
1385 o The new function root() reroots a phylogenetic tree with respect
1386 to a specified outgroup.
1388 o The new function rotate() rotates an internal branch of a tree.
1390 o In plot.phylo(), the new argument "lab4ut" (labels for unrooted
1391 trees) controls the display of the tip labels in unrooted trees.
1392 This display has been greatly improved: the tip labels are now not
1393 expected to overlap with the tree (particularly if lab4ut =
1394 "axial"). In all cases, combining appropriate values of "lab4ut"
1395 and the font size (via "par(cex = )") should result in readable
1396 unrooted trees. See ?plot.phylo for some examples.
1398 o In drop.tip(), the argument `tip' can now be numeric or character.
1403 o drop.tip() did not work correctly with trees with no branch
1404 lengths: this is fixed.
1406 o A bug in plot.phylo(..., type = "unrooted") made some trees being
1407 plotted with some line crossings: this is now fixed.
1411 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-6
1416 o Six new functions (Moran.I, correlogram.formula, discrete.dist,
1417 correlogram.phylo, dist.taxo, plot.correlogram) have been added
1418 to implement comparative methods with an autocorrelation approach.
1420 o A new data set describing some life history traits of Carnivores
1426 o A fix was made on mcmc.popsize() to conform to R 2.0.0.
1431 o When plotting a tree with plot.phylo(), the new default of the
1432 option `label.offset' is now 0, so the labels are always visible.
1436 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-5
1441 o The new function bd.ext() fits a birth-death model with combined
1442 phylogenetic and taxonomic data, and estimates the corresponding
1443 speciation and extinction rates.
1448 o The package gee is no more required by ape but only suggested
1449 since only the function compar.gee() calls gee.
1453 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-4
1458 o Four new functions (mcmc.popsize, extract.popsize, plot.popsize,
1459 and lines.popsize) implementing a new approach for inferring the
1460 demographic history from genealogies using a reversible jump
1461 MCMC have been introduced.
1463 o The unit of time in the skyline plot and in the new plots can
1464 now be chosen to be actual years, rather than substitutions.
1468 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-3
1473 o The new function rtree() generates a random binary tree with or
1474 without branch lengths.
1476 o Two new functions for drawing lineages-through-time (LTT) plots
1477 are provided: ltt.lines() adds a LTT curve to an existing plot,
1478 and mltt.plot() does a multiple LTT plot giving several trees as
1479 arguments (see `?ltt.plot' for details).
1484 o Some taxon names made R crashing when calling as.phylo.hclust():
1487 o dist.dna() returned an error with two identical DNA sequences
1488 (only using the Jukes-Cantor method returned 0): this is fixed.
1493 o The function dist.phylo() has been re-written using a different
1494 algorithm: it is now about four times faster.
1496 o The code of branching.times() has been improved: it is now about
1501 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-2
1506 o The new function seg.sites() finds the segregating sites in a
1507 sample of DNA sequences.
1512 o A bug introduced in read.tree() and in read.nexus() with version
1515 o A few errors were corrected and a few examples were added in the
1520 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2-1
1525 o plot.phylo() can now draw the edge of the root of a tree if it
1526 has one (see the new option `root.edge', its default is FALSE).
1531 o A bug was fixed in read.nexus(): files with semicolons inside
1532 comment blocks were not read correctly.
1534 o The behaviour of read.tree() and read.nexus() was corrected so
1535 that tree files with badly represented root edges (e.g., with
1536 an extra pair of parentheses, see the help pages for details)
1537 are now correctly represented in the object of class "phylo";
1538 a warning message is now issued.
1542 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.2
1547 o plot.phylo() has been completely re-written and offers several
1548 new functionalities. Three types of trees can now be drawn:
1549 phylogram (as previously), cladogram, and unrooted tree; in
1550 all three types the branch lengths can be drawn using the edge
1551 lengths of the phylogeny or not (e.g., if the latter is absent).
1552 The vertical position of the nodes can be adjusted with two
1553 choices (see option `node.pos'). The code has been re-structured,
1554 and two new functions (potentially useful for developpers) are
1555 documented separately: node.depth.edgelength() and node.depth();
1556 see the respective help pages for details.
1558 o The new function zoom() allows to explore very large trees by
1559 focusing on a small portion of it.
1561 o The new function yule() fits by maximum likelihood the Yule model
1562 (birth-only process) to a phylogenetic tree.
1564 o Support for writing DNA sequences in FASTA format has been
1565 introduced in write.dna() (support for reading sequences in
1566 this format was introduced in read.dna() in version 1.1-2).
1567 The function has been completely re-written, fixing some bugs
1568 (see below); the default behaviour is no more to display the
1569 sequences on the standard output. Several options have been
1570 introduced to control the sequence printing in a flexible
1571 way. The help page has been extended.
1573 o A new data set is included: a supertree of bats in NEXUS format.
1578 o In theta.s(), the default of the option `variance' has
1579 been changed to `FALSE' (as was indicated in the help page).
1581 o Several bugs were fixed in the code of all.equal.phylo().
1583 o Several bugs were fixed in write.dna(), particularly this
1584 function did not work with `format = "interleaved"'.
1586 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.
1591 o The argument names of as.hclust.phylo() have been changed
1592 from "(phy)" to "(x, ...)" to conform to the definition of
1593 the corresponding generic function.
1595 o gamma.stat() has been renamed gammaStat() to avoid confusion
1596 since gamma() is a generic function.
1600 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-3
1605 o base.freq() previously did not return a value of 0 for
1606 bases absent in the data (e.g., a vector of length 3 was
1607 returned if one base was absent). This is now fixed (a
1608 vector of length 4 is always returned).
1610 o Several bugs were fixed in read.nexus(), including that this
1611 function did not work in this absence of a "TRANSLATE"
1612 command in the NEXUS file, and that the commands were
1617 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-2
1622 o The Tamura and Nei (1993) model of DNA distance is now implemented
1623 in dist.dna(): five models are now available in this function.
1625 o A new data set is included: a set of 15 sequences of the
1626 cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the woodmouse (Apodemus
1632 o A bug in read.nexus() was fixed.
1634 o read.dna() previously did not work correctly in most cases.
1635 The function has been completely re-written and its help page
1636 has been considerably extended (see ?read.dna for details).
1637 Underscores (_) in taxon names are no more replaced with
1638 spaces (this behaviour was undocumented).
1640 o A bug was fixed in write.dna().
1644 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1-1
1649 o A bug in read.tree() introduced in APE 1.1 was fixed.
1651 o A bug in compar.gee() resulted in an error when trying to fit
1652 a model with `family = "binomial"'. This is now fixed.
1656 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.1
1661 o The Klastorin (1982) method as suggested by Misawa and Tajima
1662 (2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1879-1884) for classifying genes
1663 on the basis of phylogenetic trees has been implemented (see
1664 the function klastorin()).
1666 o Functions have been added to convert APE's "phylo" objects in
1667 "hclust" cluster objects and vice versa (see the help page of
1668 as.phylo for details).
1670 o Three new functions, ratogram(), chronogram() and NPRS.criterion(),
1671 are introduced for the estimation of absolute evolutionary rates
1672 (ratogram) and dated clock-like trees (chronogram) from
1673 phylogenetic trees using the non-parametric rate smoothing approach
1674 by MJ Sanderson (1997, Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1218-1231).
1676 o A summary method is now provided printing a summary information on a
1677 phylogenetic tree with, for instance, `summary(tree)'.
1679 o The behaviour of read.tree() was changed so that all spaces and
1680 tabulations in tree files are now ignored. Consequently, spaces in tip
1681 labels are no more allowed. Another side effect is that read.nexus()
1682 now does not replace the underscores (_) in tip labels with spaces
1683 (this behaviour was undocumented).
1685 o The function plot.phylo() has a new option (`underscore') which
1686 specifies whether the underscores in tip labels should be written on
1687 the plot as such or replaced with spaces (the default).
1689 o The function birthdeath() now computes 95% confidence intervals of
1690 the estimated parameters using profile likelihood.
1692 o Three new data sets are included: a gene tree estimated from 36
1693 landplant rbcL sequences, a gene tree estimated from 32 opsin
1694 sequences, and a gene tree for 50 BRCA1 mammalian sequences.
1699 o A bug was fixed in dist.gene() where nothing was returned.
1701 o A bug in plot.mst() was fixed.
1703 o A bug in vcv.phylo() resulted in false correlations when the
1704 option `cor = TRUE' was used (now fixed).
1708 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 1.0
1713 o Two new functions, read.dna() and write.dna(), read/write in a file
1714 DNA sequences in interleaved or in sequential format.
1716 o Two new functions, read.nexus() and write.nexus(), read/write trees
1719 o The new function bind.tree() allows to bind two trees together,
1720 possibly handling root edges to give internal branches.
1722 o The new function drop.tip() removes the tips in a phylogenetic tree,
1723 and trims (or not) the corresponding internal branches.
1725 o The new function is.ultrametric() tests if a tree is ultrametric.
1727 o The function plot.phylo() has more functionalities such as drawing the
1728 branches with different colours and/or different widths, showing the
1729 node labels, controling the position and font of the labels, rotating
1730 the labels, and controling the space around the plot.
1732 o The function read.tree() can now read trees with no branch length,
1733 such as "(a,b),c);". Consequently, the element `edge.length' in
1734 objects of class "phylo" is now optional.
1736 o The function write.tree() has a new default behaviour: if the default
1737 for the option `file' is used (i.e. file = ""), then a variable of
1738 mode character containing the tree in Newick format is returned which
1739 can thus be assigned (e.g., tree <- write.tree(phy)).
1741 o The function read.tree() has a new argument `text' which allows
1742 to read the tree in a variable of mode character.
1744 o A new data set is included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1745 the orders of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990).
1749 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2-1
1754 o Several bugs were fixed in the help pages.
1758 CHANGES IN APE VERSION 0.2
1763 o The function write.tree() writes phylogenetic trees (objects of class
1764 "phylo") in an ASCII file using the Newick parenthetic format.
1766 o The function birthdeath() fits a birth-death model to branching times
1767 by maximum likelihood, and estimates the corresponding speciation and
1770 o The function scale.bar() adds a scale bar to a plot of a phylogenetic
1773 o The function is.binary.tree() tests whether a phylogeny is binary.
1775 o Two generic functions, coalescent.intervals() and collapsed.intervals(),
1776 as well as some methods are introduced.
1778 o Several functions, including some generics and methods, for computing
1779 skyline plot estimates (classic and generalized) of effective
1780 population size through time are introduced and replace the function
1781 skyline.plot() in version 0.1.
1783 o Two data sets are now included: the phylogenetic relationships among
1784 the families of birds from Sibley and Ahlquist (1990), and an
1785 estimated clock-like phylogeny of HIV sequences sampled in the
1786 Democratic Republic of Congo.
1789 DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
1791 o The function skyline.plot() in ape 0.1 has been deprecated and
1792 replaced by more elaborate functions (see above).
1797 o Two important bugs were fixed in plot.phylo(): phylogenies with
1798 multichotomies not at the root or not with only terminal branches,
1799 and phylogenies with a single node (i.e. only terminal branches)
1800 did not plot. These trees should be plotted correctly now.
1802 o Several bugs were fixed in diversi.time() in the computation of
1805 o Various errors were corrected in the help pages.