@c M-x texinfo-all-menus-update
@c to automatically fill in these menus before saving changes
+
@node Basic notation
@chapter Basic notation
@end menu
-
@node Note entry
@section Note entry
@cindex Note entry
@node Notes
@subsection Notes
+@cindex Note specification
+@cindex entering notes
A note is printed by specifying its pitch and then its duration,
cis'4 d'8 e'16 c'16
@end lilypond
+@seealso
+
+@ref{Pitches}, @ref{Durations}
+
@node Pitches
@subsection Pitches
@cindex Pitch names
-@cindex Note specification
@cindex pitches
-@cindex entering notes
The most common syntax for pitch entry is used for standard notes and
@code{\chordmode} modes. In these modes, pitches may be designated by
to @code{b}. The pitch @code{c} is an octave below middle C and the
letters span the octave above that C
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,raggedright]
\clef bass
a,4 b, c d e f g a b c' d' e' \clef treble f' g' a' b' c''
@end lilypond
octave; each @code{,} lowers the pitch by an octave
@lilypond[quote,raggedright,fragment,verbatim]
-c' c'' es' g' as' gisis' ais'
+c' c'' e' g d'' d'
@end lilypond
@cindex note names, Dutch
cisis
@end lilypond
-In accordance with standard typsetting rules, a natural sign is printed
-before a sharp or flat if a previous accidental needs to be
-cancelled. To change this behaviour, use
-@code{\set Staff.extraNatural = ##f}
-
-@lilypond[fragment,quote,raggedright,verbatim,relative=2]
-ceses4 ces cis c
-\set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
-ceses4 ces cis c
-@end lilypond
-
There are predefined sets of note names for various other languages.
To use them, include the language specific init file. For
example: @code{\include "english.ly"}. The available language files
@internalsref{LedgerLineSpanner}, and @internalsref{NoteHead}.
+@commonprop
+
+In accordance with standard typsetting rules, a natural sign is printed
+before a sharp or flat if a previous accidental needs to be
+cancelled. To change this behaviour, use
+@code{\set Staff.extraNatural = ##f}
+
+@lilypond[fragment,quote,raggedright,verbatim,relative=2]
+ceses4 ces cis c
+\set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
+ceses4 ces cis c
+@end lilypond
+
@node Cautionary accidentals
@subsection Cautionary accidentals
-Normally accidentals are printed automatically, but you may also
-print them manually. A reminder accidental
@cindex reminder accidental
@cindex @code{?}
-can be forced by adding an exclamation mark @code{!}
-after the pitch. A cautionary accidental
@cindex cautionary accidental
@cindex parenthesized accidental
@cindex @code{!}
+
+Normally accidentals are printed automatically, but you may also
+print them manually. A reminder accidental
+can be forced by adding an exclamation mark @code{!}
+after the pitch. A cautionary accidental
(i.e., an accidental within parentheses) can be obtained by adding the
question mark `@code{?}' after the pitch.
@node Micro tones
@subsection Micro tones
-Half-flats and half-sharps are formed by adding @code{-eh} and
-@code{-ih}; the following is a series of Cs with increasing pitches
-
@cindex quarter tones
@cindex semi-flats, semi-sharps
+Half-flats and half-sharps are formed by adding @code{-eh} and
+@code{-ih}; the following is a series of Cs with increasing pitches
+
@lilypond[verbatim,raggedright,quote,relative=2,fragment]
-{ ceseh ceh cih cisih }
+\set Staff.extraNatural = ##f
+ceseh ceh cih cisih
@end lilypond
-Micro tones are also exported to the MIDI file
+Micro tones are also exported to the MIDI file.
@refbugs
There are no generally accepted standards for denoting three quarter
flats, so LilyPond's symbol does not conform to any standard.
+
@node Chords
@subsection Chords
+
@cindex Chords
A chord is formed by a enclosing a set of pitches in @code{<} and
@cindex @code{\rest}
@cindex @code{r}
-Rests are entered like notes, with the note name @code{r}
+Rests are entered like notes with the note name @code{r}
@lilypond[fragment,quote,raggedright,verbatim]
r1 r2 r4 r8
Program reference: @internalsref{RestEvent}, and @internalsref{Rest}.
-@c FIXME: naming.
@node Skips
@subsection Skips
+
@cindex Skip
@cindex Invisible rest
@cindex Space note
-
@cindex @code{\skip}
@cindex @code{s}
+
An invisible rest (also called a `skip') can be entered like a note
with note name `@code{s}' or with @code{\skip @var{duration}}
@lilypond[quote,raggedright,verbatim]
<<
- \relative { a'2 a1 }
- \new Lyrics \lyricmode { \skip 2 bla1 }
+ \relative { a'2 a2 }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricmode { \skip 2 bla2 }
>>
@end lilypond
Program reference: @internalsref{SkipEvent}, @internalsref{SkipMusic}.
-
@node Durations
@subsection Durations
-
@cindex duration
@cindex @code{\longa}
@cindex @code{\breve}
@cindex @code{\maxima}
-
In Note, Chord, and Lyrics mode, durations are designated by numbers and
dots: durations are entered as their reciprocal values. For example, a
quarter note is entered using a @code{4} (since it is a 1/4 note), while
@end lilypond
-
@node Augmentation dots
@subsection Augmentation dots
@cindex @code{.}
+
To obtain dotted note lenghts, simply add a dot (`@code{.}') to
the number. Double-dotted notes are produced in a similar way.
g'4 \times 2/3 {c'4 c' c'} d'4 d'4
@end lilypond
+@refcommands
+
+@cindex @code{\tupletUp}
+@code{\tupletUp},
+@cindex @code{\tupletDown}
+@code{\tupletDown},
+@cindex @code{\tupletNeutral}
+@code{\tupletNeutral}.
+
+
+@seealso
+
+Program reference: @internalsref{TupletBracket}, and @internalsref{TimeScaledMusic}.
+
+@c FIXME: will be deleted or moved; not suitable for basic-notation.
+@ignore
+Examples: @inputfileref{input/@/regression,tuplet@/-nest@/.ly}.
+User manual: @ref{Changing context properties on the fly} for the
+@code{\set} command.
+@end ignore
+
+
+@commonprop
+
+@cindex @code{tupletNumberFormatFunction}
+@cindex tuplet formatting
+
The property @code{tupletSpannerDuration} specifies how long each
bracket should last. With this, you can make lots of tuplets while
typing @code{\times} only once, thus saving lots of typing. In the next
@code{fraction-tuplet-formatter}, @var{num}:@var{den} will be printed
instead.
-@cindex @code{tupletNumberFormatFunction}
-@cindex tuplet formatting
-
-@refcommands
-
-@cindex @code{\tupletUp}
-@code{\tupletUp},
-@cindex @code{\tupletDown}
-@code{\tupletDown},
-@cindex @code{\tupletNeutral}
-@code{\tupletNeutral}.
-
-@seealso
-
-User manual: @ref{Changing context properties on the fly} for the
-@code{\set} command.
-
-
-Program reference: @internalsref{TupletBracket}, and @internalsref{TimeScaledMusic}.
-
-Examples: @inputfileref{input/@/regression,tuplet@/-nest@/.ly}.
@refbugs
projects / lilypond.git / commitdiff