flat lowers it by a whole tone. A natural cancels the effect of a previous
accidental.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
FI: luonnollinen molliasteikko,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
a1 b c d e f g a }
a. is performed as a short note regardless of the duration of the main note
the duration of the long a. is proportional to that of the main note.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
\key d \major
\time 4/4
An appoggiatura may have more notes preceding the main note.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\key as \major
\time 2/4
FI: arpeggio, murtosointu,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes \context PianoStaff <
\context Staff = SA \relative c'' {
\time 4/4
Line connecting a series of notes (shorter than a quarter note).
The number of beams determine the note value of the connected notes.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
The base counting value and the number of them per measure is indicated at
the start of the music.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' { g4 c b a | g1 \bar "||"}
for connecting piano staves, angular brackets for connecting parts in an
orchestral or choral score.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\context GrandStaff <
\relative c''\context Staff = SA { \clef treble g4 e c2 }
\relative c \context Staff = SB { \clef bass c1 \bar "|." } >
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context StaffGroup <
% \property StaffGroup.minVerticalAlign = #12
\notes\relative c'' \context Staff = SA { \clef treble g4 e c2 }
@aref{note value} twice as long as a whole note. Mainly used
in pre-1650 music.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { g\breve }
@end lilypond
Clef symbol indicating the position of the central C. Used on all note
lines.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.Clef \override #'full-size-change = ##t
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
third above the lower notes to define their quality as major or minor. Such
chords are denoted open chords
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
A scale consisting of all 11 @aref{semitone}s.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c' { c1 cis d dis e f fis g gis a ais b c }
@end lilypond
Melody moving in the narrow steps of the scale.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major \time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' { g4 g g a | b2 a | g4 b a a | g1 \bar "||" }
@end lilypond
Increasing volume. Indicated by a rightwards opening horizontal wedge or the
abbreviation ``cresc.''.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major \time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' { g4 \< a b c | \! d1 \bar "|." }
@end lilypond
notation such as via the editio vaticana dating back to the beginning
of the 20th century
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\score {
\notes {
\property Staff.Custos \set #'neutral-position = #4
Abbreviated ``d.s.''. Repetition, not from the beginning, but from
another place frequently near the beginning marked by a sign:
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Voice.TextScript \set #'font-shape = #'italic
\key g \major \time 4/4
Decreasing tone volume. Indicated by a leftwards opening horizontal wedge
or the abbreviation ``decresc.''.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\key g \major \time 4/4
d4 \> c b a | \! g1 \bar "|."
The church modes are used in gregorial chant and pre baroque early music but
also to some extent in newer jazz music.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime,linewidth=110mm]
+@lilypond[notime,linewidth=110mm]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
harmonic minor scale type an augmented second (A) occurs between the 6th and
7th tone.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
Melody moving in steps greater than those of the
scale. Opposite of @aref{conjunct movement}.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key a \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c' {
Two notes, intervals, or scales are enharmonic if they have different names
but equal pitch.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\addlyrics
symbol indicates playing an octave lower (for example on double bass
@aref{strings}).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Staff.Clef \override #'full-size-change = ##t
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
Prolonged note or rest of indefinite duration.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' {
a4 b c2^\fermata \bar "|."
less than a quarter note. The number of flags determines the
@aref{note value}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
dominant (D, the chord on the fifth note). Other are considered to be
variants of the base chords.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
indicates playing or singing an octave lower (most tenor parts in choral
scores are notated like that).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Staff.Clef \set #'full-size-change = ##t
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
Sequence of chords that terminate a musical phrase or
section. @aref{functional harmony}.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\context PianoStaff <
\context Staff = SA \relative c'' {
\time 4/4
Consonances:
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
Dissonances:
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\context Voice \notes\relative c'' {
because they consist of three @aref{whole tone}s. The addition
of such two forms an octave.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
The difference between an interval and an octave.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
A ledger line is an extension of the staff.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { a,1 s c'' }
@end lilypond
unlike @emph{leggiero} or @emph{non-legato} (b), @emph{portato} (c) and
@aref{staccato} (d).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\addlyrics
\context Staff \notes\relative c'' {
Note value: double length of @aref{breve}.
@aref{note value}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
\property Voice.NoteHead \set #'style = #'mensural
one speaks of @emph{duple} (2/2, 2/4, 2/8), @emph{triple} (3/2, 3/4, 3/8), or
@emph{quadruple} (4/2, 4/4, 4/8) meter. 4/4 is also called common meter.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
\key f \major
c es d | c bes8 a bes4 | c es d | c2 \bar "||"}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c' {
\time 6/8
\key f \major
c'8 c c c e16 d e c \bar "||"}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 5/4
\key g \major
First C below the 440 Hz A.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Staff.Clef \set #'full-size-change = ##t
\notes\relative c' {
The briefest intelligible and self-contained fragment of a musical theme or
subject.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\property Score.TimeSignature \override #'style = #'()
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
FI: usean tahdin mittainen tauko,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
a1
\property Score.skipBars=##t R1*3
but sometimes (mostly in pre baroque music) the double length note value
@emph{longa} is used.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
g16_"1/16" s16 g32_"1/32" s16 g64_"1/64" s32 }
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' {
An augmentation dot after a note multiplies the duration by one and a
half. Another dot adds yet a fourth of the duration.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
Subdivisions by@w{ }2 (@emph{tuplets}) or@w{ }4 (@emph{quadruplets}) of
dotted notes are also frequently used.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\notes\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
\times 3/2 {g4_"duplets" g} |
note first while in the music from the preceding baroque and classic periods
the upper note is played first.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
<
\context Staff = sa {
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
Other frequently used ornaments are the @emph{turn}, the @emph{mordent} and the
@emph{prall} (inverted mordent).
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
<
\context Staff = sa {
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
@aref{major} and @aref{minor} @aref{key}
with the same @aref{key signature}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c' {
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c' {
FI: toisto,
N: ?.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key g \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' {
roots of chords. The most important are degrees I = tonic (T), IV =
sub@-do@-mi@-nant (S) and V = dominant (D).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.LyricText \set #'font-style = #'large
%\property Lyrics.minVerticalAlign = #8
semitone. An octave may be divided into 12@w{ }semitones.
@aref{interval}, @aref{chromatic scale}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { g1 gis s a bes s b! c }
@end lilypond
Playing the note(s) short. Staccato is indicated by a dot above or below the
notehead.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key d \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c'' {
Vertical line above or below a @aref{note head} shorter than a
whole note. @aref{beam}.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.autoBeaming = ##f
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
deviation from this scheme is felt as a disturbance or contradiction between
the underlaying (normal) pulse and the actual (abnormal) rhythm.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c' {
\partial 4
with figures designating the chief @aref{interval}s and
@aref{chord}s to be played above the bass notes.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context GrandStaff <
\context Staff = lh \notes\relative c'' {
\time 4/4
connects two succesive notes of the same pitch, and which has the function of
uniting them into a single sound equal to the combined durations.
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\notes\relative c'' { g2 ~ g4. }
@end lilypond
Shifting a melody up or down in pitch, while keeping the same
relative pitches.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context Staff {
\time 3/4
\notes\relative c'' {
}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\context Staff {
\time 3/4
\transpose c bes \relative c'' {
a @aref{chord}, usually in the distance of a third
(@aref{interval}).
-@lilypond[13pt,notime]
+@lilypond[notime]
\property Score.automaticBars = ##f
\property Score.TextScript \set #'font-style = #'large
\notes\relative c' {
Initial note(s) of a melody occurring before the first bar
line. @aref{measure}, @aref{meter}.
-@lilypond[13pt]
+@lilypond
\key f \major
\time 4/4
\notes\relative c' {