@end menu
@node Durations
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Durations
+@subsubsection Durations
@cindex durations, of notes
@cindex note durations
@noindent
Here are the same durations with automatic beaming turned off.
-(See @ref{Automatic beams}.)
@c not strictly "writing rhythms"; more of a "displaying" thing,
@c but it's ok here. -gp
ways of aligning lyrics to notes, see @ref{Vocal music}.
Optionally, notes can be spaced strictly proportionately to their
-duration. For details of this and other settings which control
+duration. For details of this and other settings which control
proportional notation, see @ref{Proportional notation}.
@refcommands
@refbugs
-@c deliberately duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp
+@c Deliberately duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp
There is no fundamental limit to rest durations (both in terms of
longest and shortest), but the number of glyphs is limited:
rests from 128th to maxima (8 x whole) may be printed.
@node Tuplets
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Tuplets
+@subsubsection Tuplets
@cindex tuplets
@cindex triplets
@commonprop
+@cindex tuplet formatting
+@cindex triplet formatting
+
@funindex tupletNumberFormatFunction
@funindex tupletSpannerDuration
-@cindex tuplet formatting
+@c Sent to Snippet 5 Feb 08
The property @code{tupletSpannerDuration} specifies how long each
bracket should last. With this, you can make lots of tuplets
while typing @code{\times} only once, thus saving lots of typing.
@funindex TupletNumber
-The format of the number is determined by the property @code{text}
-in @code{TupletNumber}. The default prints only the denominator,
-but if the property is set with @code{\override
-TupletNumber #'text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text},
-@var{num}:@var{den} will be printed instead.
+By default, only the numerator of the tuplet number
+is printed over the tuplet bracket, i.e. the denominator
+of the argument to the @code{\times} command. Alternatively,
+@var{num}:@var{den} of the tuplet number may be printed, or
+the tuplet number may be suppressed altogether.
-To print tuplets without tuplet numbers, use
-@code{\override TupletNumber #'transparent = ##t}:
@lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,ragged-right,verbatim]
\times 2/3 { c8 c c } \times 2/3 { c8 c c }
\times 2/3 { c8 c c }
@end lilypond
-To change the appearance of nested tuplets beginning at the same
-music moment individually, the @code{\tweak} function must be used
-(see @ref{Objects connected to the input}). In the following
-example, @code{\tweak} specifies fraction text for the outer
-@code{TupletNumber} and denominator text for the
-@code{TupletNumber} of the first of the three inner tuplets.
+@c TODO Add snippet to show this
+Tuplets may extend over bar lines, but they will inhibit a
+line break unless the @code{Forbid_line_break_engraver} is
+removed from the @code{Voice context}.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@subheading Modifying nested tuplets
+
+@cindex tuplets, nested
+@cindex triplets, nested
+@cindex bracket, tuplet
+@cindex tuplet bracket
+@cindex triplet bracket
+@funindex TupletBracket
+
+If nested tuplets do not begin at the same moment their
+appearance may be modified in the usual way with
+@code{\override} commands:
+
+@c NOTE Tuplet brackets collide if notes are high on staff
+@c See issue 509
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+\times 2/3 { c8[ c c]}
+\once \override TupletNumber #'text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
+\times 2/3 {
+ c[ c]
+ c[ c]
+ \once \override TupletNumber #'transparent = ##t
+ \times 2/3 { c8[ c c] }
+\times 2/3 { c8[ c c]}
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+However, if the nested tuplets begin at the same musical moment,
+@code{\override} commands cannot be applied to just one of them
+-- they apply to both. So to change the appearance of nested
+tuplets beginning at the same musical moment individually, the
+@code{\tweak} function must be used (see @ref{Objects connected
+to the input}). The @code{\tweak} function is applied to the
+following @code{\times} command as it appears in the input stream,
+and so can distinguish between separate @code{\times} commands
+even if their tuplets begin at the same musical moment.
+
+In this example, the @code{\tweak} command is used to specify
+fraction text for the outer @code{TupletNumber} and denominator
+text for the @code{TupletNumber} of the first of the three
+inner tuplets.
+
+@c NOTE Tuplet brackets collide if notes are high on staff
+@c so use relative=1 until this is fixed
+@c See issue 509
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
\tweak #'text #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
\times 4/3 {
\tweak #'text #tuplet-number::calc-denominator-text
}
@end lilypond
-@cindex bracket, tuplet
-@funindex TupletBracket
-
-@c FIXME: after LM 6 Tweaks includes \tweak info, look at this.-gp
-@c It *should* be explained why \tweak must be used here, and why
-@c \override doesn't work. I've made an attempt, but I'm not sure
-@c if it is factually correct to say that \tweak must be used.
In the next example, @code{\tweak} and @code{\override} work
together to specify @code{TupletBracket} direction. The first
@code{\tweak} positions the @code{TupletBracket} of the outer
tuplet above the staff. The second @code{\tweak} positions the
@code{TupletBracket} of the first of the three inner tuplets below
-the staff. Note that the @code{\tweak} function affects only
-events that begin at the same music moment: the outer tuplet and
-the first of the three inner tuplets. To position the
-@code{TupletBrackets} of the second and third of the inner tuplets
-below the staff, we use @code{\override} in the usual way.
+the staff. Note that the @code{\tweak} command needs to be used
+only for events that begin at the same music moment: the outer
+tuplet and the first of the three inner tuplets. To position the
+@code{TupletBracket}s of the second and third of the inner tuplets
+below the staff, we can use @code{\override} in the usual way.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
\tweak #'text #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
}
@end lilypond
-Tuplet brackets can be made to run to prefatory matter or the next
-note:
+@subheading Modifying tuplet bracket length
+
+@cindex tuplet bracket length
+@cindex triplet bracket length
+@cindex bracket length, tuplets
+@funindex tupletFullLength
+@funindex tupletFullLengthNote
+
+Tuplet brackets can be made to run to prefatory matter or the
+next note.
+Default tuplet brackets end at the right edge of the final note
+of the tuplet; full-length tuplet brackets extend farther to the
+right, either to cover all the non-rhythmic notation up to the
+following note, or to cover only the whitespace before the next
+item of notation, be that a clef, time signature, key signature,
+or another note. The example shows how to switch tuplets to
+full length mode and how to modify what material they cover.
+
@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
\new RhythmicStaff {
+ % Set tuplets to be extendable ..
\set tupletFullLength = ##t
+ % .. to cover all items up to the next note
\set tupletFullLengthNote = ##t
\time 2/4
\times 2/3 { c4 c c }
+ % .. or to cover just whitespace
\set tupletFullLengthNote = ##f
\time 4/4
\times 4/5 { c4 c1 }
}
@end lilypond
+@subheading Compressing music
+
+@cindex compressing music
@funindex \compressMusic
-@funindex \times
@code{\compressMusic} works similarly to \times, but does not
-create a tuplet bracket; see @ref{Polymetric notation}.
+create a tuplet bracket. One application is in polymetric
+notation, as shown in the following example. See
+@ref{Polymetric notation}.
+@c not added yet. -gp
+@c @lilypondfile [ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=14,quote]
+@c {printing-music-with-different-time-signatures.ly}
-@refbugs
-
-Tuplets which cross bar lines will prevent a line break at that
-point.
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{tuplet}.
+Music Glossary: @rglos{triplet}, @rglos{tuplet},
+@rglos{polymetric}.
Notation Reference: @ref{Time administration},
@ref{Objects connected to the input}, @ref{Polymetric notation}.
@node Scaling durations
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Scaling durations
+@subsubsection Scaling durations
You can alter the length of a duration by a fraction @var{N/M}
by appending @code{*@var{N/M}} (or @code{*@var{N}} if @var{M=1}).
Snippets: @lsrdir{Rhythms,Rhythms}
@node Ties
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Ties
+@subsubsection Ties
@cindex tie
@funindex ~
@end menu
@node Rests
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Rests
+@subsubsection Rests
@cindex rest
@cindex maxima
@cindex longa
@refbugs
-@c duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp
+@c Deliberately duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp
There is no fundamental limit to rest durations (both in terms of
longest and shortest), but the number of glyphs is limited: there
are rests from 128th to maxima (8 x whole).
@node Skips
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Skips
+@subsubsection Skips
@cindex skip
@cindex invisible rest
@node Full measure rests
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Full measure rests
+@subsubsection Full measure rests
@cindex multi measure rests
@cindex full measure rests
@end menu
@node Time signature
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Time signature
+@subsubsection Time signature
@cindex time signature
@cindex meter
@node Upbeats
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Upbeats
+@subsubsection Upbeats
@cindex anacrusis
@cindex upbeat
Snippets: @lsrdir{Rhythms,Rhythms}
@node Unmetered music
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Unmetered music
+@subsubsection Unmetered music
@cindex cadenza
@funindex \cadenzaOn
@node Polymetric notation
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Polymetric notation
+@subsubsection Polymetric notation
@cindex double time signatures
@cindex signatures, polymetric
@node Automatic note splitting
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic note splitting
+@subsubsection Automatic note splitting
Long notes which overrun bar lines can be converted automatically
to tied notes. This is done by replacing the
@end menu
@node Automatic beams
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic beams
+@subsubsection Automatic beams
By default, beams are inserted automatically:
@node Setting automatic beam behavior
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting automatic beam behavior
+@subsubsection Setting automatic beam behavior
@funindex autoBeamSettings
@funindex (end * * * *)
@node Manual beams
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual beams
+@subsubsection Manual beams
@cindex beams, manual
@commonprop
@node Feathered beams
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Feathered beams
+@subsubsection Feathered beams
@cindex beams, feathered
@funindex \featherDurations
@end menu
@node Bar lines
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Bar lines
+@subsubsection Bar lines
@cindex bar lines
@funindex \bar
@node Bar numbers
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Bar numbers
+@subsubsection Bar numbers
@cindex bar numbers
@cindex measure numbers
@node Bar and bar number checks
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Bar and bar number checks
+@subsubsection Bar and bar number checks
@cindex bar check
@funindex barCheckSynchronize
@node Rehearsal marks
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Rehearsal marks
+@subsubsection Rehearsal marks
@cindex rehearsal marks
@cindex mark, rehearsal
@end menu
@node Grace notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Grace notes
+@subsubsection Grace notes
@funindex \grace
@cindex ornaments
supported, and might produce crashes or other errors.
@node Aligning to cadenzas
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Aligning to cadenzas
+@subsubsection Aligning to cadenzas
@cindex cadenza
@cindex cadenza, aligning to
@node Time administration
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Time administration
+@subsubsection Time administration
@cindex time administration
@cindex timing (within the score)
+
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