@lilypondfile[quote]{expressive-headword.ly}
+This section lists various expressive marks that can be
+created in a score.
+
@menu
* Attached to notes::
* Curves::
@node Attached to notes
@subsection Attached to notes
+This section explains how to create expressive marks that are
+attached to notes: articulations, ornamentations, and dynamics.
+Methods to create new dynamic markings are also discussed.
+
@menu
* Articulations and ornamentations::
* Dynamics::
@end menu
@node Articulations and ornamentations
-@subsubsection Articulations and ornamentations
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Articulations and ornamentations
@cindex articulations
@cindex scripts
@node Dynamics
-@subsubsection Dynamics
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Dynamics
@cindex absolute dynamics
@cindex dynamics
A @notation{crescendo} mark is started with @code{\<} and
terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or an additional
-@notation{crescendo} or @notation{decrescendo} mark. A
-@notation{decrescendo} mark is started with @code{\>} and is also
-terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or another
-@notation{crescendo} or @notation{decrescendo} mark. @code{\cr}
-and @code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and @code{\>}.
-@notation{Hairpins} are engraved by default using this notation.
+crescendo or decrescendo mark. A @notation{decrescendo} mark is
+started with @code{\>} and is also terminated with @code{\!}, an
+absolute dynamic, or another crescendo or decrescendo mark.
+@code{\cr} and @code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and
+@code{\>}. @notation{Hairpins} are engraved by default using this
+notation.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c2\< c\!
c1\!
@end lilypond
-Spacer notes are needed to engrave multiple marks on one note.
+Spacer rests are needed to engrave multiple marks on one note.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c4\< c\! d\> e\!
@cindex espressivo articulation
In some situations the @code{\espressivo} articulation mark may be
-the appropriate choice to indicate a @notation{crescendo} and
-@notation{decrescendo} on one note:
+the appropriate choice to indicate a crescendo and decrescendo on
+one note:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c2 b4 a
@cindex crescendo
@cindex decrescendo
@cindex diminuendo
-@funindex \setTextCresc
-@funindex \setTextDim
-@funindex \setTextDecr
-@funindex \setTextDecresc
-@funindex \setHairpinCresc
-@funindex \setHairpinDim
-@funindex \setHairpinDecresc
-@notation{Crescendos} and @notation{decrescendos} can be engraved
-as textual markings instead of hairpins. The built-in commands
-that enable these text modes are @code{\setTextCresc},
-@code{\setTextDecresc}, @code{\setTextDecr}, and
-@code{\setTextDim}. The corresponding @code{\setHairpinCresc},
-@code{\setHairpinDim}, and @code{\setHairpinDecresc} commands will
-revert to hairpins again:
+Crescendos and decrescendos can be engraved as textual markings
+instead of hairpins. The built-in commands that enable these text
+modes are @code{\setTextCresc}, @code{\setTextDecresc},
+@code{\setTextDecr}, and @code{\setTextDim}. The corresponding
+@code{\setHairpinCresc}, @code{\setHairpinDim}, and
+@code{\setHairpinDecresc} commands will revert to hairpins again:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c4\< d e f\!
@funindex \dynamicDown
@code{\dynamicDown},
@funindex \dynamicNeutral
-@code{\dynamicNeutral}.
+@code{\dynamicNeutral},
+@funindex \setTextCresc
+@code{\setTextCresc},
+@funindex \setTextDim
+@code{\setTextDim},
+@funindex \setTextDecr
+@code{\setTextDecr},
+@funindex \setTextDecresc
+@code{\setTextDecresc},
+@funindex \setHairpinCresc
+@code{\setHairpinCresc},
+@funindex \setHairpinDim
+@code{\setHairpinDim},
+@funindex \setHairpinDecresc
+@code{\setHairpinDecresc}.
@snippets
@node New dynamic marks
-@subsubsection New dynamic marks
+@unnumberedsubsubsec New dynamic marks
@cindex new dynamic marks
@cindex dynamic marks, new
@node Curves
@subsection Curves
+This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
+are curved: normal slurs, phrasing slurs, breath marks, falls, and
+doits.
+
@menu
* Slurs::
* Phrasing slurs::
@end menu
@node Slurs
-@subsubsection Slurs
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Slurs
@cindex slurs
<c e>2( <b d>2)
@end lilypond
-@notation{Slurs} may be manually placed above or below the staff,
-see @ref{Direction and placement}.
+Slurs may be manually placed above or below the notes, see
+@ref{Direction and placement}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c2( d)
c2( d)
@end lilypond
-Different styles of @notation{slurs} may be created with the
-commands @code{\slurDashed} and @code{slurDotted};
-@code{\slurSolid} reverts back to the default @notation{slur}
+Phrasing slurs must be used to print more than one slur at once.
+For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
+
+Slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default slur
style:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
g4( e c2)
@end lilypond
-Using this method, only one slur can be printed at once.
-@notation{Phrasing slurs} must be used to print a long slur over
-one or more small slurs. For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
-
@predefined
@node Phrasing slurs
-@subsubsection Phrasing slurs
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Phrasing slurs
@cindex phrasing slurs
@cindex phrasing marks
@funindex \(
@funindex \)
-@notation{Phrasing slurs} (or @notation{phrasing marks}) that
-indicate a musical sentence are written using the commands
-@code{\(} and @code{\)} respectively:
+@notation{Phrasing slurs} (or phrasing marks) that indicate a
+musical sentence are written using the commands @code{\(} and
+@code{\)} respectively:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c4\( d( e) f(
e2) d\)
@end lilypond
-Typographically, a @notation{phrasing slur} behaves almost exactly
-like a normal @notation{slur}. However, they are treated as
-different objects; a @code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a
-@notation{phrasing slur}. Phrasing slurs may be manually placed
-above or below the staff, see @ref{Direction and placement}.
+Typographically, a phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a
+normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects; a
+@code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur. Phrasing
+slurs may be manually placed above or below the notes, see
+@ref{Direction and placement}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
c4\( g' c,( b) | c1\)
@node Breath marks
-@subsubsection Breath marks
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Breath marks
@cindex breath marks
@funindex \breathe
@end lilypond
Musical indicators for breath marks in ancient notation,
-@notation{divisiones}, are supported. For details, see
-@ref{Divisiones}.
+divisiones, are supported. For details, see @ref{Divisiones}.
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{changing-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly}
+@cindex caesura
+@cindex railroad tracks
+
+@c input/new snippet
+@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@c {inserting-a-caesura.ly}
+
+Caesura marks can be created by overriding the @code{'text}
+property of the @code{BreathingSign} object. A curved caesura
+mark is also available.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\override BreathingSign #'text =
+ #(make-musicglyph-markup "scripts.caesura.straight")
+c8 e4. \breathe g8. e16 c4
+
+\override BreathingSign #'text =
+ #(make-musicglyph-markup "scripts.caesura.curved")
+g8 e'4. \breathe g8. e16 c4
+@end lilypond
+
@seealso
@node Falls and doits
-@subsubsection Falls and doits
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Falls and doits
@cindex falls
@cindex doits
@funindex \bendAfter
@notation{Falls} and @notation{doits} can be added to notes using
-the @code{\bendAfter} command:
+the @code{\bendAfter} command. The direction of the fall or doit
+is indicated with a plus or minus (up or down). The number
+indicates the pitch interval that the fall or doit will extend
+@emph{beyond} the main note.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c2-\bendAfter #+4
@end lilypond
The dash (@tie{-}) immediately preceding the @code{\bendAfter}
-command is @emph{required} when writing @notation{falls} and
-@notation{doits}.
+command is @emph{required} when writing falls and doits.
@snippets
@node Lines
@subsection Lines
+This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
+follow a linear path: glissandos, arpeggios, and trills.
+
@menu
* Glissando::
* Arpeggio::
@end menu
@node Glissando
-@subsubsection Glissando
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Glissando
@cindex glissando
@funindex \glissando
c2\glissando c,
@end lilypond
-Different styles of @notation{glissandi} can be created. For
-details, see @ref{Line styles}.
+Different styles of glissandi can be created. For details, see
+@ref{Line styles}.
@snippets
@node Arpeggio
-@subsubsection Arpeggio
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Arpeggio
@cindex arpeggio
@cindex broken chord
@cindex chord, broken
-An @notation{arpeggio} on a chord (also known as a
-@notation{broken chord}) is denoted by appending @code{\arpeggio}
-to the chord construct:
+An @notation{arpeggio} on a chord (also known as a broken chord)
+is denoted by appending @code{\arpeggio} to the chord construct:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
<c e g c>1\arpeggio
@end lilypond
-The direction of an @notation{arpeggio} is indicated by adding an
-arrowhead to the wiggly line. The commands @code{\arpeggioUp} and
+The direction of an arpeggio is indicated by adding an arrowhead
+to the wiggly line. The commands @code{\arpeggioUp} and
@code{\arpeggioDown} are used for this task.
-@code{\arpeggioNeutral} reverts back to an arrow-less
-@notation{arpeggio}:
+@code{\arpeggioNeutral} reverts back to an arrow-less arpeggio:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
\arpeggioUp
<c e g c>1\arpeggio
@end lilypond
-A @emph{parenthesis} style bracket may be attached to an
-@notation{arpeggio} instead of a square bracket.
+A @emph{parenthesis} style bracket may be attached to a chord
+construct instead of a square bracket.
@c Maybe create a new \arpeggioParen command, or something
@c like that. -pm
<c e g c>1\arpeggio
@end lilypond
-@notation{Arpeggios} can be explicitly written out with
-@notation{ties}. For more information, see @ref{Ties}.
+Arpeggios can be explicitly written out with ties. For more
+information, see @ref{Ties}.
@predefined
@seealso
-@c TODO: Add 'broken chord' to glossary.
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{arpeggio}.
arpeggios in one @code{PianoStaff} at the same point in
time.
+The parenthesis-style arpeggio brackets do not work for
+cross-staff arpeggios.
+
@node Trills
-@subsubsection Trills
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Trills
@cindex trills
@funindex \trill
Short @notation{trills} without an extender line are printed with
@code{\trill}; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
-Long running @notation{trills} are made with
-@code{\startTrillSpan} and @code{\stopTrillSpan}. In the
-following example, a long running @notation{trill} is shown
-combined with grace notes. To achieve precise control of the
-placement of the grace notes, see @ref{Grace notes}.
+Long running trills are made with @code{\startTrillSpan} and
+@code{\stopTrillSpan}. In the following example, a long running
+trill is shown combined with grace notes. To achieve precise
+control of the placement of the grace notes, see @ref{Grace
+notes}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1 \afterGrace
@cindex pitched trills
@cindex trills, pitched
-@notation{Trills} that should be executed on an explicitly
-specified pitch can be typeset with the command
-@code{\pitchedTrill} using the following syntax:
+Trills that should be executed on an explicitly specified pitch
+can be typeset with the command @code{\pitchedTrill} using the
+following syntax:
@example
@code{\pitchedTrill} @var{mainnote} @code{\startTrillSpan}
projects / lilypond.git / commitdiff