@node Vocal music
@section Vocal music
-There are three different issues when printing vocal music
+Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to
+consider when working with vocal music:
@itemize @bullet
@item
input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable, not the
note@tie{}D.
-@item
-Song texts must be printed as text, not as notes.
-
@item
Song texts must be aligned with the notes of their melody.
@end itemize
-The simplest solution for printing music uses the @code{\addlyrics}
-function to solve all these problems at once. However, these
-three functions can be controlled separately, which is necessary
-for complex vocal music.
-
+There are a few different ways to define lyrics; the simplest
+way is to use the @code{\addlyrics} function.
@menu
* Setting simple songs::
* Entering lyrics::
* Hyphens and extenders::
* The Lyrics context::
+* Melismata::
+* Another way of entring lyrics::
* Flexibility in alignment::
* More stanzas::
* Ambitus::
@end lilypond
-@c TODO - this isn't such a great place for this note, but I can't
-@c find a better place without rearranging a lot of lyric stuff.
-@c It's yet another thing to look at post-3.0.
-
-The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convienient way
-to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
-lyrics. You should use @code{\addlyrics} unless you need to do
-fancy things, in which case you should investigate
-@code{\lyricsto} or @code{\lyricmode}.
-
-@example
-@{ MUSIC @}
-\addlyrics @{ LYRICS @}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-is the same as
-
-@example
-\new Voice = "blah" @{ music @}
-\new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" @{ LYRICS @}
-@end example
-
-@refbugs
+The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}.
-@code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony.
@node Entering lyrics
the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
or @code{\lyricsto}. For more details see @ref{The Lyrics context}.
-A word lyrics mode begins with an alphabetic character, and ends with
+A word or syllable of lyrics begins with an alphabetic character, and ends with
any space or digit. The following characters can be any character
that is not a digit or white space. One important consequence of this
is that a word can end with @code{@}}. The following example is
@cindex spaces, in lyrics
@cindex quotes, in lyrics
-Any @code{_} character that appears in an unquoted word is converted
-to a space. This provides a mechanism for introducing spaces into words
-without using quotes.
+In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you must
+surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character between the syllables.
+
+@lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+\time 3/4
+\relative { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
+\addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
+\addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
+@end lilypond
To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
non-ascii characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
\lyricmode @{ He said: “Let my peo ple go”. @}
@end example
+To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
+quotes. For example,
+
+@c FIXME: make this a real example. -gp
+@code{\lyricmode @{ "\"I" am so "lonely"\", said she @}}, would
+render: "I am so lonely", said she.
+
+
The full definition of a word start in Lyrics mode is somewhat more
complex.
Program reference: @internalsref{LyricText}, @internalsref{LyricSpace}.
-@refbugs
-The definition of lyrics mode is too complex.
@node Hyphens and extenders
@subsection Hyphens and extenders
@node The Lyrics context
@subsection The Lyrics context
+Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context caleld @internalsref{Lyrics}.
-Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in a @internalsref{Lyrics} context
@example
\new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}
@end example
automatically. In this case, it is no longer necessary to enter the
correct duration for each syllable. This is achieved by combining the
melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
+
@example
\new Lyrics \lyricsto @var{name} @dots{}
@end example
@code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the
@code{\lyricmode} keyword may be omitted.
+The following example uses different commands for entring lyrics.
+
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
+<<
+ \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
+ \autoBeamOff
+ \time 2/4
+ c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
+ }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sav -- our reigns. }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+The second stanza is not properly aligned because the durations
+were not specified. A solution for that would be to use @code{\lyricsto}.
+
+To define indentifiers containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricsmode}
+must be used.
+
+@example
+verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
+\score @{
+ <<
+ \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
+ \autoBeamOff
+ \time 2/4
+ c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
+ @}
+ \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
+ >>
+@}
+@end example
+
+The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convienient way
+to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
+lyrics.
+
+@example
+@{ MUSIC @}
+\addlyrics @{ LYRICS @}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+is the same as
+
+@example
+\new Voice = "blah" @{ music @}
+\new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" @{ LYRICS @}
+@end example
+
For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
@example
\new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
\new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
+ \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
\new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
\new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
>>
@end example
+
and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
+
@example
\context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
@emph{the lyrics}
>>
@end example
+@seealso
+
+Program reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic},
+@internalsref{Lyrics}.
+
+
+@node Melismata
+@subsection Melismata
The @code{\lyricsto} command detects melismata: it only puts one
syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam
behavior}) is switched off.
-@ignore
+@cindex SATB
+@cindex choral score
-@c nonformation:
+A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
+@ref{Vocal ensembles}.
-The criteria for deciding melismata can
-be tuned with the property @code{melismaBusyProperties}. See
-@internalsref{Melisma_translator} in the program reference for more
-information.
-@end ignore
+@refcommands
+
+@code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
+@cindex @code{\melismaEnd}
+@cindex @code{\melisma}
+
+@seealso
+
+Program reference: @internalsref{Melisma_translator}.
+
+
+@inputfileref{input/@/regression,lyric@/-combine@/-new@/.ly}.
+
+@refbugs
+
+Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
+inserted by hand.
+
+
+@node Another way of entring lyrics
+@subsection Another way of entring lyrics
Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\lyricsto}. In this case the
duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly, for example,
} >>
@end lilypond
-@cindex SATB
-@cindex choral score
-
-A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
-@ref{Vocal ensembles}.
-
-
-@refcommands
-
-@code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
-@cindex @code{\melismaEnd}
-@cindex @code{\melisma}
-
-@seealso
-
-Program reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic},
-@internalsref{Lyrics}, @internalsref{Melisma_translator}.
-
-
-@inputfileref{input/@/regression,lyric@/-combine@/-new@/.ly}.
-@c TODO: make separate section for melismata
-
-@refbugs
-
-Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
-inserted by hand.
-
@c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
@subsection Switching the melody associated with a lyrics line
-
More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property. In the example
* String number indications::
* Tablatures basic::
* Non-guitar tablatures::
-* Banjo tablatures::
+* Banjo tablatures::
* Fret diagrams::
* Other guitar issues::
@end menu
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