@menu
* First steps:: Music language of LilyPond
+* Simple legend:: Small table of music language symbols
* Running LilyPond:: Printing music
* The first tune:: The first tune
* Lyrics and chords:: Lyrics and chords
This section shows how easy writing music with LilyPond actually is. If
you have not seen LilyPond input source before, this section is for you.
+The next section has a small legend of all symbols that are introduced
+here, you may want to keep an eye on that.
+
+Writing music with LilyPond is explained below by a number of small
+examples. Each example has a small piece of text; the LilyPond input
+that you should type, with the resulting music printed below it.
+
You get a simple note by typing its note name, from @code{a} through
@code{g}:
a1 a2 a4 a16 a32
@end example
+@c missing clef seems to raise more questions than actual pitch of notes,
+@c as these are snippets anyway
@lilypond[fragment]
\property Score.timing = ##f
\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
\property Staff.noAutoBeaming = ##t
-\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+%\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
\transpose c'' { a1 a2 a4 a16 a32 }
s16_" "
@end lilypond
a a a2 a
@end example
+@c missing clef seems to raise more questions than actual pitch of notes,
+@c as these are snippets anyway
@lilypond[fragment]
\property Score.timing = ##f
\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
-\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+%\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
\transpose c'' { a a a2 a }
s16_" "
@end lilypond
@lilypond[fragment]
\property Score.timing = ##f
\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
-\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
\transpose c'' { cis1 ees fisis aeses }
s16_" "
@end lilypond
a2. a4 a8. a16
@end example
+@c missing clef seems to raise more questions than actual pitch of notes,
+@c as these are snippets anyway
@lilypond[fragment]
\property Score.timing = ##f
\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
-\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+%\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
\transpose c'' { a2. a4 a8. a16 }
s16_" "
@end lilypond
\time 4/4
@end example
+@c a clef here may lead to confusion
@lilypond[fragment]
\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
\time 3/4
The clef can be set using the ``@code{\clef}'' command:
+@c what is more common name treble or violin?
+@c in Dutch, its violin.
@quotation
@example
\clef violin
@end quotation
@separate
+
We continue with the introduction of the remaining musical constructs.
+@c maybe legend here?
+
Rests are entered just like notes with the name ``@code{r}'':
@quotation
@end quotation
@separate
+@c Tim wants to move this quotes example just before the: quotes-don't-work
+@c score, but we'd need to remove quotes from the other two (key and
+@c tie) examples...
+
+@c better to have this just before the `octaves are bad' snipped
+@c but we'd need to remove the ', from \key and tie
+To raise a note by an octave, add a high quote @code{'} (apostrophe) to
+the note name, to lower a note one octave, add a ``low quote'' @code{,}
+(a comma). The central C is @code{c'}:
+
+@quotation
+@example
+c'4 c'' c''' \clef bass c c,
+@end example
+
+@lilypond[fragment]
+\property Score.timing = ##f
+\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+c'4 c'' c''' \clef bass c c,
+@end lilypond
+@end quotation
+@separate
+
A tie is created by entering a tilde ``@code{~}'' between the notes to
be tied. A tie between two notes means that the second note must not be
played separately, but just makes the first note sound longer:
@end lilypond
@end quotation
-To raise a note by an octave, add a high quote @code{'} (apostrophe) to
-the note name, to lower a note one octave, add a ``low quote'' @code{,}
-(a comma). The central C is @code{c'}:
-@c huh, why exactly was central C == c'?
-
-@quotation
-@example
-c'4 c'' c''' \clef bass c c,
-@end example
-
-@lilypond[fragment]
-\property Score.timing = ##f
-\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
-c'4 c'' c''' \clef bass c c,
-@end lilypond
-@end quotation
-@separate
@c bit on the long/complex/scary taste
@c cheating a bit: two lines makes for a friendlier look
\score @{
\notes @{
\time 4/4
- \clef treble
+ \clef violin
\key d \minor
r4 r8 d''8 cis''4 e''
d''8 a'4. ~ a' b'8
\score {
\notes {
\time 4/4
- \clef treble
+ \clef violin
\key d \minor
r4 r8 d''8 cis''4 e''
d''8 a'4. ~ a' b'8
@end quotation
@separate
-You can make a large interval by adding octaviation quotes.
+@c needed better, maybe even redundant explanation
+@c grappig: Pa vond het heel logies, en slim toen-i eenmaal begreep.
+@c in eerste instantie drong het `relative' niet door zonder extra uitleg.
+You can make a large interval by adding octaviation quotes. Note that
+quotes or commas do not determine the absolote height of a note;
+the height of a note is relative to the previous one.
@c don't use commas or quotes in this sentence
-For example: @code{c f,} goes down; @code{c g'} goes up:
+For example: @code{c f,} goes down; @code{f, f} are both the same;
+@code{c c'} are the same; and @code{c g'} goes up:
@quotation
@example
@quotation
@lilypond[fragment,relative 1, verbatim]
-c8( cis d ) e
+c8( cis d )e
@end lilypond
@end quotation
@separate
@quotation
@lilypond[fragment,verbatim]
<
- \context Staff = staffA { \clef treble c'' }
+ \context Staff = staffA { \clef violin c'' }
\context Staff = staffB { \clef bass c }
>
@end lilypond
\notes
< \context Staff = staffA {
\time 3/4
- \clef treble
+ \clef violin
\relative c'' { e2 ( d4 c2 b4 [a8 a] [b b] [g g] )a2. }
}
\context Staff = staffB {
@separate
-Dynamic signs are made by adding the markings after the note
+Common accents can be added to a note using @code{-.}, @code{--}, @code{->}:
+@quotation
+@lilypond[verbatim,relative 1]
+c-. c-- c->
+@end lilypond
+@end quotation
+@separate
+
+Dynamic signs are made by adding the markings to the note:
@quotation
@lilypond[verbatim,relative 1]
c-\ff c-\mf
command @code{\!} finishes a crescendo on the following.
@quotation
@lilypond[verbatim,relative 1]
-c2 \< \! c2-\ff \> c2 \! c2
+c2\< \!c2-\ff \>c2 \!c2
@end lilypond
@end quotation
@separate
Chords can be made by surrounding notes with @code{<} and @code{>}:
@quotation
@lilypond[relative 0, fragment,verbatim]
-r4 <c e g> <c f a>
+r4 <c e g> <c f a>
@end lilypond
@end quotation
@separate
fine tuning output, polyphonic music, and integrating text and music.
+@c refer to this section
+@node Simple legend
+@section Simple legend
+
+
+@c need texinfo-4.0a or later for this
+
+
+@c both Tim and my father came independently with a request for a
+@c `legend' like this.
+
+@c what should be in it?
+
+
+
+@quotation
+@multitable @columnfractions .10 .20 .40
+
+@item @code{[]}
+@tab beam
+@tab
+@lilypond[fragment, relative 1]
+\property Score.timing = ##f
+\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+\property Staff.noAutoBeaming = ##t
+\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+[a8 b]
+@end lilypond
+
+@item @code{~}
+@tab tie
+@tab
+@lilypond[fragment, relative 1]
+\property Score.timing = ##f
+\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+\property Staff.noAutoBeaming = ##t
+\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+d ~ d
+@end lilypond
+
+@item @code{()}
+@tab slur
+@tab
+@lilypond[fragment, relative 1]
+\property Score.timing = ##f
+\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+\property Staff.noAutoBeaming = ##t
+\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+c( d )e
+@end lilypond
+@item @code{'}
+@tab raise octave
+@tab
+@lilypond[fragment, relative 1]
+\property Score.timing = ##f
+\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+\property Staff.noAutoBeaming = ##t
+\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+a a'
+@end lilypond
+
+@item @code{,}
+@tab lower octave
+@tab
+@lilypond[fragment, relative 1]
+\property Score.timing = ##f
+\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+\property Staff.noAutoBeaming = ##t
+\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+c c,
+@end lilypond
+
+@item @code{<>}
+@tab chord
+@tab
+@lilypond[fragment, relative 1]
+\property Score.timing = ##f
+\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+\property Staff.noAutoBeaming = ##t
+\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+\context Voice { <a c> }
+@end lilypond
+
+@item @code{\< \!}
+@tab crescendo
+@tab
+@lilypond[fragment, relative 1]
+\property Score.timing = ##f
+\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+\property Staff.noAutoBeaming = ##t
+\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+a\< a \!a
+@end lilypond
+
+@item @code{\> \!}
+@tab decrescendo
+@tab
+@lilypond[fragment, relative 1]
+\property Score.timing = ##f
+\property Staff.TimeSignature = \turnOff
+\property Staff.noAutoBeaming = ##t
+\property Staff.Clef = \turnOff
+a\> a \!a
+@end lilypond
+
+@end multitable
+@end quotation
+
+
+
@node Running LilyPond
@section Running LilyPond
projects / lilypond.git / commitdiff