Note, that percussion clefs are added automatically in a
@code{DrumStaff} context. But it is possible to use other clefs
if you want.
-
-
-The complete list of drum names is in the init file
-@file{ly/@/drumpitch@/-init@/.ly}.
-
-Here is the list of abbreviations You can use in a drum Staff:
-
-@example
- bda acousticbassdrum
- bd bassdrum
- ssh hisidestick
- ss sidestick
- ssl losidestick
- sna acousticsnare
- sn snare
- hc handclap
- sne electricsnare
- tomfl lowfloortom
- hhc closedhihat
- hh hihat
- tomfh highfloortom
- hhp pedalhihat
- toml lowtom
- hho openhihat
- hhho halfopenhihat
- tomml lowmidtom
- tommh himidtom
- cymca crashcymbala
- cymc crashcymbal
- tomh hightom
- cymra ridecymbala
- cymr ridecymbal
- cymch chinesecymbal
- rb ridebell
- tamb tambourine
- cyms splashcymbal
- cb cowbell
- cymcb crashcymbalb
- vibs vibraslap
- cymrb ridecymbalb
- bohm mutehibongo
- boh hibongo
- boho openhibongo
- bolm mutelobongo
- bol lobongo
- bolo openlobongo
- cghm mutehiconga
- cglm muteloconga
- cgho openhiconga
- cgh hiconga
- cglo openloconga
- cgl loconga
- timh hitimbale
- timl lotimbale
- agh hiagogo
- agl loagogo
- cab cabasa
- mar maracas
- whs shortwhistle
- whl longwhistle
- guis shortguiro
- guil longguiro
- gui guiro
- cl claves
- wbh hiwoodblock
- wbl lowoodblock
- cuim mutecuica
- cuio opencuica
- trim mutetriangle
- tri triangle
- trio opentriangle
- tt tamtam
- ua oneup
- ub twoup
- uc threeup
- ud fourup
- ue fiveup
- da onedown
- db twodown
- dc threedown
- dd fourdown
- de fivedown
-@end example
-
-Note that the normal notation of pitches in a @code{DrumStaff}
-will cause an error message.
-
-
-
+If You find it too much work to input Your music with these not easy to recognize shortcuts, You could input first
+the music with "normal" pitches and later You can change these
+to percussion pitches witch the search and select function of Your favorite text editor. But please use letters that You don't use
+in Your commands! Otherwise everything gets confused.
+You can find the complete list of drum names and there abbreviations is in the init file
+@rinternals{Appendix B}
+Later on, right in this section, You will find some examples, wich show You how You can enter music for the most important percussion intruments.
+Note that the normal notation of pitches (like e.g. cis 4) in a @code{DrumStaff} context will cause an error message!
+These notes will be also correctly played by midi.
+But You should be aware, that some percussion sounds cannot be reached via the @code{DrumStaff} context. Pitched percussion sounds, like
+Xylophone, Marimaphone, Vibraphone, Timpani, etc. are treated like "normal" instruments and You should input music for these
+instruments in a @code{Staff} context, not in a @code{DrumStaff} context.
+Too make it more complicated:
+some non pitched percussion sounds of the general midi standard, like "melodic-tom", "taiko-drum" "synth drum", etc. cannot
+be reached via midi-channel 10, so You should also use for them a @code{ Staff} context, with "normal" pitches. And, last but not least,
+it should be mentioned, that there are lots of percussion instruments, which are note part of the general midi standard.
+If You want to write for e.g. castanets, You have to find a substitution for this sound (or have a good sampler).
+But let us forget for this moment the limitations of midi and let us go on with some more examples, that show You how to write
+for percussion instruments with Lilypond:
Drum rolls are indicated with three slashes across the stem.
For quarter notes or longer the three slashes are shown explicitly,
eighth notes are shown with two slashes (the beam being the third),
@seealso
Internals Reference: @rinternals{note-event}.
-
+@seealso @file{ly/@/drumpitch@/-init@/.ly}
@node Percussion staves
@subsubsection Percussion staves
@cindex percussion
@end table
If you do not like any of the predefined lists you can define your own
-list at the top of your file
+list at the top of your file.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
#(define mydrums '(
\new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
>>
@end lilypond
-
-
+You should use this possbility, if You want to write e.g. for an custom made setup of percussion instruments.
+In contemporary music different percussion instruments, even played by only one highly skilled player, will not be written on one but
+on many staves. If You have something like this in mind, You have to define Your own drum (or better expressed: percussion) tables.
+Here are some examples:
+Two Woodblocks, entered with wbh (high woodblock) and wbl (low woodblock)
+ @lilypond
+ #(define mydrums '(
+ (hiwoodblock default #t 3)
+ (lowoodblock default #t -2)))
+ %% These lines define the position of the woodblocks in the stave, if You like, You can change it
+ % or You can use special note heads for the woodblocks.
+ woodstaff = { \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(-2 3)
+% this defines a staff with only two lines. It also defines the positions of the two lines
+ \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3 }
+ %% this is neccessary. If not entered, the barline wuld be too short!
+
+ \new DrumStaff {
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+ %% with this You load Your new drum style table
+ \woodstaff
+ \drummode {
+ \time 2/4
+ wbl8 wbl16 wbl wbh 8 -> wbl |
+ wbl 8 wbl16 wbh ~ -> wbh wbl 16 r8 |
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
@seealso
-
+Note that in this special case the length of the barline must altered with @code{ \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size #number}.
+Otherwise it would be too short. And You have also to define the positions of the to stafflines.
+For more information about these delicate things have a look at @internals{ Staff symbol}
+A tambourine, entered with "tamb":
+@lilypond
+ % tambourine-music is entered with "tamb"
+ tambustaff = { \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'( 0 )
+ \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3
+ \set DrumStaff.instrumentName="Tambourine"}
+ \new DrumStaff {
+ \tambustaff
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+ \drummode { \time 6/8
+ \repeat "unfold" 2 { tamb8. tamb16 tamb8 tamb tamb tamb | }
+ tamb4. tamb8 tamb tamb | tamb2.*5/6 \startTrillSpan s8 \stopTrillSpan |
+ %% the trick with the scaled duration and the shorter rest is neccessary for the correct ending of the trill-span!
+ }
+ }
+
+@end lilypond
+Music for Tam-Tam (entered with "tt"):
+@lilypond
+ #(define mydrums '(
+ (tamtam default #t 0) ) )
+ tamtamstaff = { \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'( 0 )
+ \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3
+ \set DrumStaff.instrumentName="Tamtam"}
+ \new DrumStaff {
+ \tamtamstaff
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+ \drummode { tt 1 \pp \laissezVibrer
+ }
+ }
+@end lilypond
+Two different bells, entered with "cb" (cowbell) and "rb" (ridebell)"
+@lilypond
+%% bells are enterd with:
+% "cb" (cowbell) and "rb" (ridebell)"
+ #(define mydrums '(
+ (ridebell default #t 3 )
+ (cowbell default #t -2)))
+
+ bellstaff = { \override DrumStaff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(-2 3)
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+ \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3
+ \set DrumStaff.instrumentName="Different Bells"}
+
+ \new DrumStaff {
+ \bellstaff
+ \drummode {
+ \time 2/4
+ \repeat "unfold" 2 { rb 8 rb cb cb16 rb ~ -> | rb16 rb 8 rb 16 cb 8 cb | }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+Here an short example by maestro Stravinsky (from "L'hostire du Soldat")
+@lilypond
+ #(define mydrums '(
+ (bassdrum default #t 4 )
+ (snare default #t -4 )
+ (tambourine default #t 0) ) )
+
+ global = { \time 3/8 s 4. \time 2/4 s 2 *2 \time 3/8 s 4. \time 2/4 s 2 }
+
+drumsA = { \context DrumVoice << { \global }
+ {\drummode {
+ \autoBeamOff
+\stemDown sn 8 \stemUp tamb s8 |
+ sn4 \stemDown sn4 |
+\stemUp tamb 8 \stemDown sn8 \stemUp sn16 \stemDown sn \stemUp sn8 |
+\stemDown sn 8 \stemUp tamb s8 |
+\stemUp sn4 s8 \stemUp tamb |
+ } } >> }
+drumsB = { \drummode { s 4 bd 8 s 2*2 s 4 bd8 s 4 bd8 s 8 } }
+
+\layout {
+ indent = #40
+}
+
+ \score {
+ \new StaffGroup
+ <<
+ \new DrumStaff
+ { \set DrumStaff.instrumentName= \markup { \column { "Tambourine" "et" "caisse claire s. timbre" } }
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums) \drumsA }
+ \new DrumStaff
+ { \set DrumStaff.instrumentName= "Grosse Caisse"
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums) \drumsB }
+ >>
+
+ }
+@end lilypond
Init files: @file{ly/@/drumpitch@/-init@/.ly}.
+With some tricks it is even possible to create symbols for percussion beaters:
+%%% I'm waiting for the mail of Valentin, the link to his example has broken.
Internals Reference: @rinternals{DrumStaff}, @rinternals{DrumVoice}.
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