so that neither the horizontal nor the vertical spacing is too cramped
or stretched.
+Settings which influence layout may be placed in two blocks.
+The @code{\paper @{...@}} block is placed outside any
+@code{\score @{...@}} blocks and contains settings that
+relate to the entire document. The @code{\layout @{...@}}
+block is placed within a @code{\score @{...@}} block and
+contains settings for that particular score. If you have
+only one @code{\score @{...@}} block the two have the same
+effect. In general the commands shown in this chapter can
+be placed in either.
+
@menu
* Paper and pages::
* Music layout::
* Displaying spacing::
* Breaks::
-* Vertical spacing::
-* Horizontal spacing::
-* Page layout MOVED FROM LM::
+* Vertical spacing::
+* Horizontal spacing::
+* Fitting music onto fewer pages::
@end menu
@section Paper and pages
This section deals with the boundaries that define the area
-that music can be printed inside.
+within which music can be printed.
@menu
* Paper size::
To change the paper size, there are two commands,
@example
#(set-default-paper-size "a4")
+@end example
+@example
\paper @{
#(set-paper-size "a4")
@}
@code{a6}, @code{a5}, @code{a4}, @code{a3}, @code{legal}, @code{letter},
@code{11x17} (also known as tabloid).
+@c TODO Add new paper sizes -td
+
Extra sizes may be added by editing the definition for
@code{paper-alist} in the initialization file @file{scm/paper.scm}.
@funindex paper-width
@item paper-width
The width of the page. The default is taken from the current paper size,
-see @ref{Paper size}.
+see @ref{Paper size}.
@funindex paper-height
@item paper-height
The height of the page. The default is taken from the current paper size,
-see @ref{Paper size}.
+see @ref{Paper size}.
@funindex top-margin
@item top-margin
Margin between the left side of the page and the beginning of the
music. Unset by default, which means that the margins is determined
based on the @code{paper-width} and @code{line-width} to center the
-score on the paper.
+score on the paper.
@funindex line-width
@item line-width
@funindex head-separation
@item head-separation
Distance between the top-most music system and the page header. Default
-is@tie{}4mm.
+is@tie{}4mm.
@funindex foot-separation
@item foot-separation
@item auto-first-page-number
The page breaking algorithm is affected by the first page number being
odd or even. If this variable is set to #t, the page breaking algorithm
-will decide whether to start with an odd or even number. This will
+will decide whether to start with an odd or even number. This will
result in the first page number remaining as is or being increased by one.
@end table
@}
@end example
-This second example centers page numbers at the bottom of every page.
+This second example centers page numbers at the bottom of every page.
@example
\paper @{
evenFooterMarkup = \markup @{ \fill-line @{
\bold \fontsize #3 \on-the-fly #print-page-number-check-first
\fromproperty #'page:page-number-string @} @}
-@}
+@}
@end example
You can also define these values in Scheme. In that case @code{mm},
@section Music layout
@menu
-* Setting the staff size::
-* Score layout::
+* Setting the staff size::
+* Score layout::
@end menu
@cindex staff size, setting
@funindex layout file
+The default @strong{staff size} is set to 20 points.
+This may be changed in two ways:
+
To set the staff size globally for all scores in a file (or
in a @code{book} block, to be precise), use @code{set-global-staff-size}.
This sets the global default size to 14pt staff height and scales all
fonts accordingly.
-To set the staff size individually for each score, use
+To set the staff size individually for each score, use
@example
\score@{
...
@section Breaks
@menu
-* Line breaking::
-* Page breaking::
-* Optimal page breaking::
-* Optimal page turning::
-* Minimal page breaking::
-* Explicit breaks::
-* Using an extra voice for breaks::
+* Line breaking::
+* Page breaking::
+* Optimal page breaking::
+* Optimal page turning::
+* Minimal page breaking::
+* Explicit breaks::
+* Using an extra voice for breaks::
@end menu
@node Line breaking
@cindex line breaks
@cindex breaking lines
-Line breaks are normally computed automatically. They are chosen so
-that lines look neither cramped nor loose, and that consecutive lines
-have similar density.
+Line breaks are normally determined automatically. They are chosen
+so that lines look neither cramped nor loose, and consecutive
+lines have similar density. Occasionally you might want to
+override the automatic breaks; you can do this by specifying
+@code{\break}. This will force a line break at this point. However,
+line breaks can only occur at the end of @q{complete} bars, i.e.,
+where there are no notes or tuplets left @q{hanging} over the bar
+line. If you want to have a line break where there is no bar line,
+you can force an invisible bar line by entering @code{\bar ""},
+although again there must be no notes left hanging over in any of
+the staves at this point, or it will be ignored.
+
+The opposite command, @code{\noBreak}, forbids a line break at the
+bar line where it is inserted.
+
+The most basic settings influencing line spacing are @code{indent}
+and @code{line-width}. They are set in the @code{\layout} block.
+They control the indentation of the first line of music, and the
+lengths of the lines.
+
+If @code{ragged-right} is set to true in the @code{\layout} block,
+then systems end at their natural horizontal length, instead of
+being spread horizontally to fill the whole line. This is useful
+for short fragments, and for checking how tight the natural
+spacing is.
+
+@c TODO Check and add para on default for ragged-right
+
+The option @code{ragged-last} is similar to @code{ragged-right},
+but affects only the last line of the piece.
+
+@example
+\layout @{
+indent = #0
+line-width = #150
+ragged-last = ##t
+@}
+@end example
-Occasionally you might want to override the automatic breaks; you can
-do this by specifying @code{\break}. This will force a line break at
-this point. Line breaks can only occur at places where there are bar
-lines. If you want to have a line break where there is no bar line,
-you can force an invisible bar line by entering @code{\bar
-""}. Similarly, @code{\noBreak} forbids a line break at a
-point.
@cindex regular line breaks
@cindex four bar music.
For line breaks at regular intervals use @code{\break} separated by
-skips and repeated with @code{\repeat}:
+skips and repeated with @code{\repeat}. For example, this would
+cause the following 28 measures (assuming 4/4 time) to be broken
+every 4 measures, and only there:
+
@example
<< \repeat unfold 7 @{
s1 \noBreak s1 \noBreak
>>
@end example
-@noindent
-This makes the following 28 measures (assuming 4/4 time) be broken every
-4 measures, and only there.
-
@predefined
@code{\break}, and @code{\noBreak}.
Internals: @rinternals{LineBreakEvent}.
+@c TODO Check this
A linebreaking configuration can be saved as a @code{.ly} file
automatically. This allows vertical alignments to be stretched to
fit pages in a second formatting run. This is fairly new and
\remove Forbid_line_break_engraver
} {
c4 c2 << c2 {s4 \break } >> % now the break is allowed
- c2 c4
+ c2 c4
}
@end lilypond
Similarly, line breaks are normally forbidden when beams cross bar
-lines. This behavior can be changed by setting
+lines. This behavior can be changed by setting
@code{\override Beam #'breakable = ##t}.
The @code{\pageBreak} and @code{\noPageBreak} commands may also be
inserted at top-level, between scores and top-level markups.
+There are also analogous settings to @code{ragged-right} and
+@code{ragged-last} which have the same effect on vertical spacing:
+@code{ragged-bottom} and @code{ragged-last-bottom}. If set to
+@code{##t} the systems on all pages or just the last page
+respectively will not be justified vertically.
+
+For more details see @ref{Vertical spacing}.
+
Page breaks are computed by the @code{page-breaking} function. LilyPond
provides three algorithms for computing page breaks,
@code{ly:optimal-breaking}, @code{ly:page-turn-breaking} and
@}
@end example
+@c TODO Check this -td
The old page breaking algorithm is called
@code{optimal-page-breaks}. If you are having trouble with the new page
breakers, you can enable the old one as a workaround.
for these related settings.
-
-@node Page layout MOVED FROM LM
-@section Page layout MOVED FROM LM
-
-@menu
-* Introduction to layout::
-* Global sizes::
-* Line breaks::
-* Page breaks::
-* Fitting music onto fewer pages::
-@end menu
-
-@node Introduction to layout
-@subsection Introduction to layout
-
-The global paper layout is determined by three factors:
-the page layout, the line breaks, and the spacing. These all
-influence each other. The choice of spacing determines how
-densely each system of music is set. This influences where line
-breaks are chosen, and thus ultimately, how many pages a piece
-of music takes.
-
-Settings which influence layout may be placed in two blocks.
-The @code{\paper @{...@}} block is placed outside any
-@code{\score @{...@}} blocks and contains settings that
-relate to the entire document. The @code{\layout @{...@}}
-block is placed within a @code{\score @{...@}} block and
-contains settings for that particular score. If you have
-only one @code{\score @{...@}} block the two have the same
-effect. In general the commands shown in this section can
-be placed in either.
-
-Much more detail on the options for tweaking the laying out
-of music are contained in @ref{Spacing issues}.
-
-@node Global sizes
-@subsection Global sizes
-
-TODO Check all these examples
-
-The default @strong{paper size} which LilyPond assumes in laying
-out the music is A4. This may be changed in two ways:
-
-@example
-#(set-default-paper-size "a6")
-
-\paper @{
-#(set-paper-size "letter")
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The first command sets the size of all pages. The second command
-sets the size of the pages to which the \paper block applies -- if
-the \paper block is at the top of the file, then it will apply
-to all pages. Support for the following paper sizes is available:
-a6, a5, a4, a3, legal, letter, 11x17 (also known as tabloid).
-Setting the paper size automatically sets suitable margins and
-line length.
-
-If the symbol @code{landscape} is supplied as an argument to
-@code{set-default-paper-size}, the pages will be rotated by 90
-degrees, and wider line widths will be set correspondingly, e.g.
-
-@example
-#(set-default-paper-size "a6" 'landscape)
-@end example
-
-The default @strong{staff size} is set to 20 points.
-This may be changed in two ways:
-
-@example
-#(set-global-staff-size 14)
-
-\paper @{
-#(set-global-staff-size 16)
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The first command sets the size in all pages. The second command
-sets the size in the pages to which the \paper block applies -\96 if
-the \paper block is at the top of the file, then it will apply
-to all pages. All the fonts are automatically scaled to suit
-the new value of the staff size.
-
-@node Line breaks
-@subsection Line breaks
-
-Line breaks are normally determined automatically. They are chosen
-so that lines look neither cramped nor loose, and consecutive
-lines have similar density. Occasionally you might want to
-override the automatic breaks; you can do this by specifying
-@code{\break}. This will force a line break at this point. However,
-line breaks can only occur at the end of @q{complete} bars, i.e.,
-where there are no notes or tuplets left @q{hanging} over the bar
-line. If you want to have a line break where there is no bar line,
-you can force an invisible bar line by entering @code{\bar ""},
-although again there must be no notes left hanging over in any of
-the staves at this point, or it will be ignored.
-
-The opposite command, @code{\noBreak}, forbids a line break at the
-bar line where it is inserted.
-
-The most basic settings influencing line spacing are @code{indent}
-and @code{line-width}. They are set in the @code{\layout} block.
-They control the indentation of the first line of music, and the
-lengths of the lines.
-
-If @code{ragged-right} is set to true in the @code{\layout} block,
-then systems end at their natural horizontal length, instead of
-being spread horizontally to fill the whole line. This is useful
-for short fragments, and for checking how tight the natural
-spacing is.
-
-The option @code{ragged-last} is similar to @code{ragged-right},
-but affects only the last line of the piece.
-
-@example
-\layout @{
-indent = #0
-line-width = #150
-ragged-last = ##t
-@}
-@end example
-
-@node Page breaks
-@subsection Page breaks
-
-The default page breaking may be overridden by inserting
-@code{\pageBreak} or @code{\noPageBreak} commands.
-These commands are analogous to the @code{\break} and
-@code{\noBreak} commands discussed above and force or forbid
-a page-break at the point where they are inserted.
-Of course, the @code{\pageBreak} command also forces a line break.
-Like @code{\break}, the @code{\pageBreak} command is effective only
-at the end of a @q{complete} bar as defined above. For more
-details see @ref{Page breaking} and following sections.
-
-There are also analogous settings to @code{ragged-right} and
-@code{ragged-last} which have the same effect on vertical spacing:
-@code{ragged-bottom} and @code{ragged-last-bottom}. If set to
-@code{##t} the systems on all pages or just the last page
-respectively will not be justified vertically.
-
-For more details see @ref{Vertical spacing}.
-
@node Fitting music onto fewer pages
-@subsection Fitting music onto fewer pages
+@section Fitting music onto fewer pages
Sometimes you can end up with one or two staves on a second
(or third, or fourth...) page. This is annoying, especially
always be placed in a @code{\context@{..@}} block so that it applies
to the whole score.
-TODO Add description of using \context in this way earlier if it is
-not already anywhere -td
-
@end itemize
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff