release: 1.3.109

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / regression-test.tely

\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-   vim:tw=72
@setfilename regression-test.info
@settitle LilyPond Regression test

@c fool ls-latex
@ignore
@author Han-Wen Nienhuys and Jan Nieuwenhuizen
@title LilyPond Regression test
@end ignore

@node Top, , , (dir)

@section Introduction

This document tries give a brief overview of LilyPond features.  When
the text correspond with the shown notation, we consider LilyPond
Officially BugFree (tm).  This document is intended for finding bugs,
and documenting bugfixes.

[TODO: revise and completize this. ]

[TODO: should generate out of header fields using ly2dvi?]



@section Notes and rests

Rests.  Note that the dot of 8th, 16th and 32nd rests rest should be
next to the top of the rest.  All rests except the whole rest are
centered on the middle staff line.  

@lilypondfile{rest.ly}

Note head shapes are settable.  The stem endings should be adjusted
per note head.  If you want different note head styles on one stem,
you must create a special context called Thread.

Harmonic notes have a different shape and different
dimensions. Nevertheless, noteheads in both styles can be combined, on
either up or down stems.

@lilypondfile{noteheadstyle.ly}

Noteheads can have dots, and rests can too.  Augmentation dots should
never be printed on a staff line, but rather be shifted vertically. They
should go up, but in case of multiple parts, the down stems have down
shifted dots.  (Wanske p. 186) In case of chords, all dots should be in
a column.  The dots go along as rests are shifted to avoid collisions.

@lilypondfile{dots.ly}

Accidentals work: the second note does not get a sharp. The third and
fourth show forced and courtesy accidentals

@lilypondfile{accidental.ly}

Multiple measure rests do not collide with barlines and clefs.  They
are not expanded when you set @code{Score.skipBars}.  Although the
multi-measure-rest is a Spanner, minimum distances are set to keep it
colliding from barlines. 


@lilypondfile{multi-measure-rest.ly}

If @code{Score.skipBars} is set,
the signs for four, two, and one measure rest are combined to
produce the graphical representation of rests for up to 10 bars.
The number of bars will be written above the sign.

@lilypondfile{mm-rests2.ly}

A sharp sign after a double sharp sign, as well as a flat sign
after a double flat sign is automatically prepended with a
natural sign.

@lilypondfile{accidental-single-double.ly}

@section Stems

Stem tremolos or rolls are tremolo signs that look like beam segments
crossing stems.  If the stem is in a beam, the tremolo must be parallel
to the beam.  If the stem is invisible (eg. on a whole note), the
tremolo must be centered on the note.

@lilypondfile{stem-tremolo.ly}

Chord tremolos look like beams, but are a kind of repeat symbol.
To avoid confusion, chord tremolo beams do not reach the stems, but 
leave a gap.  Chord tremolo beams on half notes are not ambiguous,
as half notes cannot appear in a regular beam, and should reach the 
stems.
  
@lilypondfile{chord-tremolo.ly}

Beams, stems and noteheads often have communication troubles, since
the two systems for y dimensions (1 unit = staffspace, 1 unit = 1
point) are mixed.

Stems, beams, ties and slurs should behave similarly, when placed
on the middle staff line. Of course stem-direction is down for high
notes, and up for low notes.

@lilypondfile{stem-direction.ly}

Similarly, if @code{stem_default_neutral_direction} is set to @code{-1}.

@lilypondfile{stem-direction-down.ly}

@section Scripts

The staccato dot (and all scripts with follow-into-staff set), must
not be on staff lines.

@lilypondfile{staccato-pos.ly}

Dynamics appear below or above the staff.  If multiple dynamics are
linked with (de)crescendi, they should be on the same line.

@lilypondfile{dyn-line.ly}


Arpeggios are supported, both cross-staff and one-staff. 

@lilypondfile{arpeggio.ly}



@section Chord names

Chord names are generated from a list pitches, and are customisable
from guile.  For some unlogical names, guile customisation is used
by default.

@lilypondfile{chord-names.ly}

@section Grace notes

Grace notes are typeset as an encapsulated piece of music. You can
have beams, notes, chords, stems etc. within a @code{\grace} section.
Slurs that start within a grace section, but aren't ended are attached
to the next normal note.  Grace notes have zero duration.  If there
are tuplets, the grace notes won't be under the brace.  Grace notes
can have accidentals, but they are (currently) spaced at a fixed
distance.  Grace notes (of course) come before the accidentals of the
main note.  Grace notes can also be positioned after the main note.

Grace notes without beams should have a slash, if @code{flagStyle} is
not set.  Main note scripts don't end up on the grace note.

@lilypondfile{grace.ly}

@section Beams, slurs and other spanners

Beaming is generated automatically. Beams may cross bar lines. In that
case, line breaks are forbidden.  Yet clef and key signatures are
hidden just as with breakable bar lines.

@lilypondfile{beaming.ly}

Beams should behave reasonably well, even under extreme circumstances.
Stems may be short, but noteheads should never touch the beam.

@lilypondfile{beam-extreme.ly}

Beams should always reach the middle staff line.  The second beam
counting from the note head side, should never be lower than the
second staff line.  This does not hold for grace note beams.
Override with @code{noStemExtend}.

@lilypondfile{beam-position.ly}

Slurs should look nice and symmetric.  The curvature may increase
only to avoid noteheads, and as little as possible.  Slurs never
run through noteheads or stems.

@lilypondfile{slur-nice.ly}
@lilypondfile{slur-symmetry.ly}
@lilypondfile{slur-symmetry-1.ly}

Across line breaks, slurs behave nicely.  On the left, they extend to
just after the preferatory matter, and on the right to the end of the
staff.  A slur should follow the same vertical direction it would have
in unbroken state.

@lilypondfile{slur-broken-trend.ly}

Ties are strictly horizontal.  They are placed in between note heads.
The horizontal middle should not overlap with a staffline.

@lilypondfile{tie.ly}

When tieing chords, the outer slurs point outwards, the inner slurs
point away from the center of the staff.  Override with
@code{tieVerticalDirection}.

@lilypondfile{tie-chord.ly}

When tieing notes with accidentals across a bar boundary, the accidental
must not be drawn on the note in the new bar.  Instead, the next note of
the same pitch in this bar should always show the accidental (even if
it's natural).  Slurring a accidentaled note to a natural one across bar
boundaries should be explicit.

Pitches can be verified by printing them  with the @code{NoteNames} context.

@lilypondfile{tie-accidental.ly}

Beams can be typeset over fixed distance aligned staffs, beam
beautification doesn't really work, but knees do. Beams should be
behave well, wherever the switching point is.

@lilypondfile{beam-cross-staff.ly}

The same goes for slurs. They behave decently when broken across
linebreak.

@lilypondfile{slur-cross-staff.ly}

Tuplets are indicated by a bracket with a number.  There should be no
bracket if there is one beam that matches  the length of the tuplet.
The bracket does not interfere with the stafflines, and the number is
centered in the gap in the bracket.

@lilypondfile{tup.ly}

@section Property details

More specific settings take precendence over less specific settings. The
second slur has slurDirection set to down, overriding the stemup  setting.

@lilypondfile{generic-property-override.ly}

@section Repeats

LilyPond has three modes for repeats: folded, unfolded and
semi-unfolded.  Unfolded repeats are fully written out. Semi unfolded
repeats have the body written and all alternatives sequentially.
Folded repeats have the body written and all alternatives
simultaneo.ly.  If the number of alternatives is larger than the
repeat count, the excess alternatives are ignored.  If the number of
alternatives is smaller, the first alternative is multiplied to get to
the number of repeats.

Unfolded behavior:

@lilypondfile{repeat-unfold.ly}

Volta (Semi folded) behavior.  Voltas can start on non-barline moments.
If they don't barlines should still be shown.

@lilypondfile{repeat-volta.ly}

Folded.  This doesn't make sense without alternatives, but it works.

@lilypondfile{repeat-fold.ly}

Across linebreaks, the left edge of a first and second alternative
bracket should be equal

@lilypondfile{repeat-line-break.ly}

Auto change piano staff switches  voices  between up and down staffs
automatically; rests are switched along with the coming note.

@lilypondfile{auto-change.ly}

@section Lyrics

Lyrics can be set to a melody automatically.  Excess lyrics will be
dumped.  Lyrics will not be set over rests.  You can have melismata
either by setting a property melismaBusy, or by setting
automaticMelismas (which will set melismas during slurs and ties).  If
you want a different order than first Music, then Lyrics, you must
precook a chord of staffs/lyrics and label those.  Of course
@code{\rhythm} ignores any other rhythms in the piece.  Hyphens and
extenders do not assume anything about lyric lengths, so they continue
to work.

@lilypondfile{lyric-combine.ly}

Multiple stanzas

@lilypondfile{lyrics-multi-stanza.ly}

@section Multiple notes

Rests should not collide with beams, stems and noteheads.  Rests may
be under beams.  Rests should be move by integral number of spaces
inside the staff, and by half spaces outside.  Notice that the half
and whole rests just outside the staff get ledger lines in different
cases.

@lilypondfile{rest-collision.ly}

Normal collisions. We have support for polyphony, where the
middle voices are horizontally shifted.

@lilypondfile{collisions.ly}

The number of stafflines of a staff can be set with the property
numberOfStaffLines.  Ledger lines both on note heads and rests are
adjusted.  Barlines also are adjusted.


@lilypondfile{number-staff-lines.ly}

@section Spacing

In a limited number of cases, LilyPond corrects for optical spacing
effects.  In this example, space for opposite pointed stems is adjusted

@lilypondfile{stem-spacing.ly}

If there are accidentals in the music, we add space, but the space
between note and accidentals is less than between the notes with the
same value.  Clef changes also get extra space, but not as much as
barlines.

Even if a line is very tightly spaced, there will still be room
between prefatory matter and the following notes.  The space after the
prefatory is very rigid.  In contrast, the space before the barline
must stretch like the space within the measure.

Tight:

@lilypondfile{spacing-tight.ly}

Natural:

@lilypondfile{spacing-natural.ly}

Loose:

@lilypondfile{spacing-loose.ly}

Adding a @code{Bar_engraver} to the LyricsVoice context makes sure that
lyrics don't collide with barlines.

@lilypondfile{lyrics-bar.ly}

Text is set with empty horizontal dimensions.  The boolean property
textNonEmpty is used to respect the horizontal size of text.

@lilypondfile{non-empty-text.ly}




@section PianoStaff



@section Global stuff

Breaks can be encouraged and discouraged using @code{\break} and
@code{\nobreak}.  They are abbrevs for @code{\penalty} commands.

@lilypondfile{break.ly}

Markings that are attached to (invisible) barlines are 
delicate: the are attached to the rest of the score without the score
knowing it.  Consequently, they fall over  often.

@lilypondfile{bar-scripts.ly}

Staff margins are also markings attached to barlines.  They should be
left of the staff, and be centered vertically wrt the staff.  They may
be on normal staffs, but also on compound staffs, like the PianoStaff

@lilypondfile{staff-margin.ly}

Breathing signs, also used for phrasing, do normally not influence
global spacing -- only if space gets tight, notes are shifted to make
room for the breathing sign. Breathing signs break beams running
through their voice. In the following example, the notes in the first
two measures all have the same distance from each other:

@lilypondfile{breathing-sign.ly}

Hara kiri staffs kill themselves if they are empty.  This example really
contains two staffs, but the second contains only spaces, and is
therefore removed. 

@lilypondfile{hara-kiri-short.ly}

In orchestral scores and hymns, voices are traditionally combined onto
one staff.  LilyPond has a part combiner, that combines or separates two
voices according to actual rhythm and pitch.  User-defined texts such as
``solo'' and ``@`a2'' are typeset automagically, as appropriate.

@lilypondfile{part-combine.ly}


Fonts are  available in a default set of sizes: 11, 13, 16, 20, 23 and
26pt staffheight.  Sizes of the text fonts and symbol fonts are made
to match the staff dimensions.    

@lilypondfile[nonfragment]{size11.ly}

@lilypondfile[nonfragment]{size13.ly}

@lilypondfile[nonfragment]{size16.ly}

@lilypondfile[nonfragment]{size20.ly}

@lilypondfile[nonfragment]{size23.ly}

@lilypondfile[nonfragment]{size26.ly}


@section Clefs and Time Signatures

The transparent clef should not occupy any space and with style
@code{fullSizeChanges}, the changing clef should be typeset in full
size. For octaviated clefs, the ``8'' should appear closely above or
below the clef respectively.  The ``8'' is processed in a convoluted
way, so this is fragile as well.

@lilypondfile{clefs.ly}


Key signatures appear on key  changes. They may also
appear without barlines.  The restoration accidentals are not printed at
the start of the line. If @code{createKeyOnClefChange} is set, they're
also created on a clef change.

@lilypondfile{keys.ly}




@ignore
@c the input file is too long and does not test for specific bugs

By default, time signatures are written with two numbers. With style
``C'', 4/4 and 2/2 are written with their corresponding symbols and
with style ``old'', 2/2, 3/2, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 6/4, 9/4, 4/8, 6/8 and
9/8 are typeset with symbols, all other signatures retain the default
layout. The style ``1'', gives single number signatures for all
signatures. 
%
\mu delafile{time.ly}
@end ignore



@section Hacks and Features

As a last resort, the placement of items can be adjusted manually, by
setting the @code{extra-offset} of an output object.

@lilypondfile{generic-output-property.ly}

The same mechanism can be  used  to force pagebreaks.

@lilypondfile{between-systems.ly}

@bye